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Bog'liqEconomic analysis part 2 types of economic evaluation Students 4
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- Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA)
- Cost-utility analysis (CUA)
En español – ExME Em português – EME A network for students interested in evidence-based health care Home About Topics Resources Register Contact Log In Economic analysis part 2: types of economic evaluation Posted on 25th October 2021 by Ana María Rojas Gómez Tutorials and Fundamentals 5 Shares This is the second in a three-part blog which will provide explanation and examples of the most common techniques used in economic evaluation. Part one was an introduction to economic analysis and part three will look at a few aspects of the topic in more detail . Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) CEA is usually used when a decision-maker considers a limited range of options. This analysis consists mainly of dividing the cost of an alternative in monetary units by health outcomes such as lives saved, strokes averted, or reduction in blood pressure. Although you will be comparing di erent interventions in this analysis, the health outcome used must be the same across all interventions. 5 Shares The results of this type of analysis would be presented as: “$37 000 per life-year saved” or “$15 000 per broken hip cases averted”. If a new treatment has lower costs and higher e ectiveness, we can indicate that it is ‘dominant’. By contrast, if a treatment has higher costs and lower e ectiveness, we can indicate that it is ‘dominated’. In the case of non-dominant or dominated treatments, an incremental cost-e ectiveness ratio (ICER) must be calculated, using the following formula: Cost-utility analysis (CUA) CUA is a cost-e ectiveness analysis type that compares cost in monetary units with patient-centred outcome measures, in respect of their utilities. A ‘utility’ is a measure of the bene t obtained from the treatment/intervention. (1). In fact, the measure generally used for this type of analysis is the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). QALY is an index adjusted to account for the patient’s quality of life during the time evaluated. For example, if a patient lives in perfect health for 1 year, that patient will have 1 QALY (2). QALY is calculated by multiplying the life years by the quality life score bases (QOL). A QOL score is based on a one-dimensional scale like the EQ-5D (EuroQol 5 dimension) questionnaire. QOL will range between 0 for death, to 1 for perfect health, with negative scores being allowed for states considered ‘worse than death’ (3). 5 Shares The use of QALY enables us to compare the cost-e ectiveness of interventions used for several diseases and, therefore, it’s useful for including new technology in a healthcare plan (4). For example, if a patient survives for 3 years under a health status with an EQ-5D = 0.8, the calculation is as follows: 0.8 (ED-5D) × 3 (Life years) = 2.4. Therefore, this is the equivalent to a 2.4-year survival under full health. A cost-utility ratio is calculated using the following formula: The results of cost-utility analysis are usually written as “$ per QALY gained”. Download 0.99 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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