A socio-pragmatic comparative study of

Appendix A: Analysis of invitations by feature 
A invites B to E 
Observation
Interview 
Totals 
Strategies for making E Ostensible 
Ost. Gen. Ost. Gen. Ost. Gen.
A makes E implausible. 
B can’t come 
B isn’t interested 
A can’t provide 
A makes E plausible. 
502 
394 
11 
97 
64 
188 
34 
103 
51 
419 
73 
51 
4 
18 
36 
1 
1 
0 
0 
67 
575 
445 
15 
115 
100 
189 
35 
103 
51 
486 
B solicits invitation 
By context 
Indirectly 
Directly 
B doesn’t solicit invitation 
342 
98 
213 
31 
224 
13 
4 
9 
0 
594 
67 
22 
37 
8 
42 
3 
0 
3 
0 
65 
409 
120 
250 
39 
266 
16 
4 
12 
0 
659 
A doesn’t motivate invitation 
A motivates invitation 
407 
159 
6 
601 
90 
19 
14 
54 
497 
178 
20 
655 
B hesitates or refuses 
A doesn’t persist 
A does persist 
533 
509 
24 
371 
0 
371 
109
109
0 
17 
3 
14 
642 
618 
24 
388 
3 
385 
A makes arrangements 
A leaves arrangements vague 
A makes arrangements specific 
34 
31 
3 
593 
6 
587 
8 
5 
3 
28 
2 
26 
42 
36 
6 
621 
8 
613 
A hedges invitation 
?agar saretaan migirad 
?agar maayel hastid 
?agar qaabel midunid 
?agar zahmati nist 
376 
303 
3 
54 
16 
30 
7 
0 
9 
14 
86 
47 
26 
10 
3 
9 
2 
1 
0 
6 
412 
350 
29 
64 
19 
39 
9 
1 
9 
20 
A uses inappropriate cues 
gaze avoidance 
pausing 
mumbling 
posture 
intonation 
31 
18 
0 
0 
6 
7 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
32 
18 
0 
0 
7 
7 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

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80
Appendix B: Analysis of invitations by variables. 
Sex Age 
Economical 
Status 
Male Female Young Adult Old 
Low 
Mid High 
Ostensible 381 294 
277 209 189 
81 
191 403 
Genuine 204 471 325 216 134 218 240 217 
Notes: 
Young: 
Aged between 15 to 30 years. 
Adult: 
Aged between 30 to 45 years. 
Old: 
Aged over 45 years. 
Low-Class: 
Having an income below 1,000,000 Rials monthly. 
Mid-Class: 
Having an income between 1,000,000 to 3,500,000 Rials monthly. 
High-Class: Having an income over 3,500,000 Rials monthly. 

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81
A NOTE ON SYMBOLS 
In order to be able to transcribe Farsi invitations a special kind of phonetic alphabet has 
been devised and employed in this study. The following table describes the symbols and 
provides sample words in which the sounds represented by the symbols have been used. 
Where the sound does not exist in English, the sample words have been provided in 
Farsi. 
Symbol 
Sample Word 
 
Symbol 
Sample Word
aa arm 
a 
hat 
o saw 
e ten 
u too 
b bad 
p pen 
t tea 
s so 
j joke 
ch change 
h 
house 
x xashm 
d door 
z zoo 
r red 
zh vision 
sh shoe 
q qand, 
qam
f foot 
k kill 
g gang 
l land 
m moon 
n noon 
v voice 
y yard 
i sheep 
? ?l?aan
NOTES:
1) The /?/ symbol represents glottal stop, and is used at the beginning of any syllable 
which begins with a vowel in Farsi: 
e.g., ?al?aan 
?emruz 
2) The /q/ symbol represents the Farsi-specific consonants that appear at the 
beginning of the following proper nouns in Farsi. 
e.g., 
Qom (A city near Tehran) 
Qolaam (Name of a male person) 
3) The Farsi feature tashdid is represented in this study by the repetition of the sound 
that receives the feature. 
e. g., 
mojaddad 
fotovvat 
4) The /x/ symbol represents the Farsi-specific consonant that appears at the 
beginning of the following Farsi words. 
e. g., 
xub (good) 
xaste (tired) 

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Document Outline

• MATitle.pdf
• ThesisMA.pdf
  • TitlePage.pdf
  • EnglisgApproval.pdf
  • Dedication.pdf
  • Acknowledgement.pdf
  • TableOfContents.pdf
  • TableOfFigures.pdf
  • Abstract.pdf
  • Chapter1.pdf
  • Chapter2.pdf
  • Chapter3.pdf
  • Chapter4.pdf
  • Chapter5.pdf
  • References.pdf
  • AppendixPage.pdf
  • Appendix A.pdf
    • Appendix A: Analysis of invitations by feature 
    • A invites B to E
    • Strategies for making E Ostensible
      • A makes arrangements 
      • a. A leaves arrangements vague 
      • b. A makes arrangements specific
  • AppendixB.pdf
  • AppendixC.pdf