Abduraimov Abduvohid Self study 0 Task How innovative would you say you are?

Abduraimov Abduvohid
Self study 20
Task 1

1. 
   How innovative would you say you are? Explain your answer with examples.
   

I'm best at coming up with ideas that solve an immediate problem and can make a process more efficient. Creating ideas that bring fast results and don't require a lot of steps is where I feel the most innovative. I'm also great at coming up with ideas on how to solve technical computer errors.
Task 2
2.1Translate the following words and make up sentences with either of them:
1. to reduce unemployment –ishsizlik darajasini qisqartirish
In order to reduce unemployment government has to develop small business.
2. to retain -saqlamoq
3. to take advantage of smth –foyda ko’rmoq
4. to turn down the job –ishni rad etish
If the salary does not satisfy the trainee he/she can turn down the job
5. trainee –sinovdagi ishchi
6. unpaid leave –to’lovsiz ta’til
I thought I’d take advantage of the sports facilities while I’m here.
7. wage/salary –soatbay/oylik maosh
Some workers prefer to get wages instead of salary
8. wholesale-ko’tara savdo
If you want to sell large expensive pieces then wholesale is probably not the way to go.
Task 3
3.1 Read the text and translate the given text into your native language
What is a central bank?
JUST as a prudent driver keeps an eye on the road ahead and a steady hand on the wheel, a country’s central bank tries to keep the economy on course. A central bank looks at economic data such as factory orders, housing, consumer credit, retail sales, manufacturing, and construction and employment figures in an effort to keep the economy from overheating . It consequently adjusts money supply and interest rates to keep the economy headed in the right direction.
Instead of taking deposits and making loans like a normal bank, a central bank—such as the U.S. Federal Reserve or the Bank of Japan—controls the economy principally by increasing or decreasing the country’s supply of money. Cranking up the printing presses, however, is not the main way a central bank increases the country’s money supply. In most modern economies, printed notes and coins are only a small percentage—usually less than ten percent—of the total money supply. Central banks print only enough currency to satisfy the everyday needs of business and consumers. In the United States, the Federal Reserve usually prints up only enough bills to replace worn-out money in circulation.
But a central bank is much more than a national piggy bank. Besides coordinating a country’s monetary policy, the central bank serves as a watchdog, supervising the country’s banking and financial system. In most countries, the central bank is given a considerable degree of independence. In the United States, for example, the president appoints the head of the Federal Reserve, but from the moment on, the government has no significant say in how the money supply is regulated.
The activities and responsibilities of central banks vary widely from country to country. The Bank of England, for example, is responsible for printing the money as well as supervising the banking system coordinating monetary policy. The European Central Bank head oversees the monetary policy for all the countries in the euro area, but is limited in how much it can intervene in each country.
TASK 3
Markaziy bank nima?
Aqlli haydovchi sifatida oldinga boradigan yo'lni va g'ildirakda barqaror qo'lni ko'rib, mamlakat markaziy banki iqtisodiyotni davom ettirishga harakat qiladi. Markaziy bank iqtisodiyotni haddan tashqari qizib ketmaslik uchun zavod buyurtmalari, uy-joy, iste'mol krediti, chakana savdo, ishlab chiqarish, qurilish va bandlik ko'rsatkichlari kabi iqtisodiy ma'lumotlarga qaraydi . Shunday qilib, u iqtisodiyotni to'g'ri yo'nalishda ushlab turish uchun pul taklifi va foiz stavkalarini to'g'irlaydi.
Oddiy bank kabi omonat olish va kredit berish o'rniga, AQSh kabi markaziy bank —. Federal Rezerv yoki Yaponiya Banki — iqtisodiyotni asosan pul massasini ko'paytirish yoki kamaytirish orqali boshqaradi. Ammo bosmaxonalarni siqib chiqarish markaziy bankning pul massasini ko'paytirishning asosiy usuli emas. Aksariyat zamonaviy iqtisodiyotlarda bosma notalar va tangalar umumiy pul massasining atigi o'n foizidan kam bo'lgan —. Markaziy banklar biznes va iste'molchilarning kundalik ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun etarli miqdordagi valyutani bosib chiqaradilar. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarida Federal Rezerv odatda muomalada eskirgan pullarni almashtirish uchun etarli miqdordagi qonun loyihalarini bosib chiqaradi.
Ammo markaziy bank milliy cho'chqachilik bankidan ko'proq narsa. Markaziy bank mamlakatning pul-kredit siyosatini muvofiqlashtirishdan tashqari, mamlakatning bank va moliya tizimini nazorat qiluvchi nazoratchi vazifasini bajaradi. Aksariyat mamlakatlarda markaziy bankka katta darajada mustaqillik beriladi. Masalan, AQShda prezident Federal Rezerv rahbarini tayinlaydi, ammo shu paytdan boshlab hukumat pul massasini qanday tartibga solish borasida muhim fikrga ega emas.
Markaziy banklarning faoliyati va majburiyatlari har bir mamlakatda turlicha. Masalan, Angliya Banki pulni bosib chiqarish va pul-kredit siyosatini muvofiqlashtiruvchi bank tizimini nazorat qilish uchun javobgardir. Evropa Markaziy banki rahbari evro hududidagi barcha mamlakatlar uchun pul-kredit siyosatini nazorat qiladi, ammo har bir mamlakatda qancha aralashishi mumkinligi cheklangan.