Abulghazi bahadirkhan (1603-1663)

Historical works
Abulgozi Bahadirkhan is also notable as a great historian and scientist. His works "Shajarayi Tarokima" and "Shajarayi Turk" are related to the history of Uzbekistan and Central Asia in general.
Abulghazi Bahadir Khan also wrote a work on medicine called "Manofi'ul Insan" ("Things useful to man").
Life
A famous writer, historian, scientist and statesman, one of the creators of the genealogy of Turkic peoples. Abulghazi Bahadir Khan Khiva Khan was born on August 23, 1603 in the family of Arab Muhammed. From the age of thirteen (1616), he participated in the struggle for the throne. Abulgazi took the Khorezm throne in 1644, ruled for 20 years, and died in April 1664.
Works
Abulghazi's historical work "Shajarayi Tarokima" and "Shajarayi Turk" and the treatise on medicine called "Manofe'ul-insan" have arrived. "Manofe'ul-insan" contains information about more than 120 diseases and their treatment.
"Shajarayi tarokima" (1661) was written about the ancestors of the Turkmen people, "Shajarayi Turk" (1663-1964) was written about Uzbek clans. "Shajarai Turk" consists of nine chapters. Historical events are depicted through artistic paintings and life scenes.
The work attracted the attention of Eastern, Russian and Western scientists. Published several times in Kazan (Rumyantsev edition, 1825; Sablukov edition, 1854; Demezon edition, 1871) T. N. Demezon translated the work into French (1871). The work is widely distributed among the French and English peoples.
The works "Shajarayi Turk" and "Shajarayi Tarokima" are the main sources for explaining the history of the Turkmen, Tajik, Uzbek, and Mongolian peoples. B. Ahmedov, Q. Munirov, K. Yusupov, Ya. Scientists such as Gulomov, M. Yoldoshev widely used the information of Abulgozi. Linguists such as A. N. Kononov, A. M. Shcherbak, S. I. Ivanov relied on Abulgozi's works. O. Sharafiddinov, M. Yunusov, V. Abdullaev researched from the point of view of literary studies.
There are several manuscript copies of Abulgozi Bahadirkhan's works in the fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (inv. No. 7668, 1223, 4017).
Abulghazi Bahadirkhan shows the time and chapters of the work "Shajarayi Turk". "It was 1074/1663 or 1664 in the year 1074/1663 or 1664. We (Abdulghazi Khan) started this book and named it "Shajarayi Turk". We made nine chapters." Abulghazi Bahadirkhan did not finish writing "Shajarai Turk" according to some information. A certain part of it was written by Mahmudi ibn Muhammad Zaman Urganji after the death of Abulgazi Bahadir Khan [1].
Many critical translations of "Shajarayi Turk" were published in the 19th and 20th centuries and served as a historical source for modern scholars. The first critical translation by professional scholars was published in Kazan in 1825. The Turkish translation of the text published in Kazan was made by the philologist Ahmad Vefik Pasha and was first published in 1864.
Nikita Bichurin was the first to notice a remarkable similarity with the biography of the epic ancestor of the Turkic people, Oguz-Kagan. In Chinese sources, it is modun (conflict between father and son and the killing of the former, the direction and sequence of conquests, etc.). This observation, confirmed by other scientists, connects the name of Modun with the epic figure of Oguz-kagon in scientific literature[2]. The resemblance is all the more striking because at the time of his writing there were no Chinese chronicles translated into Eastern or Western languages, and Abu'l-Ghazi may not have known the Eastern Huns or Moduns.
The literary significance of "Shajarayi Turk" is that Abu al-Ghazi openly opposed the Chagatai literary language because of its strong Persian influence. The Abulghazi language is an easy and simple folk language of the Khiva Uzbeks, and it differs sharply from the literary Chagatai language. Abulghazi's style is distinguished by its clarity and richness of vocabulary, despite the scientific nature of his compositions. It is mixed with Uzbek folk sayings and proverbs [3].
Abu al-Ghazi's son Abu al-Muzaffar Anusha Muhammad Bahadir entrusted the completion of the work of his father Shajarayi Turk to Mahmud bin Mulla Muhammad Zaman Urganch. It was completed in 1665. The work lists the Turkish genealogy starting with the Islamic Adam and Oghuz Khan, the eldest son of the Turks, and presents legendary information about his descendants, including Genghis Khan and the Shaibani dynasty, and describes the historical understanding of the Mongols well.
Khan of Khiva, from Shaibani. Son of Abulghazi Bahadir Khan. Khan of Bukhara showed heroism in the battle against Abdulaziz (1657), decided the fate of the battle in favor of the Khiva people and saved his father from death. His army reached Bukhara and occupied Samarkand. In 1685, Khiva's troops were defeated in a battle near Gijduvan. For this, his father gave Anusha Khan a birth, an army, and the city of Khozarasp, and built a large bathhouse in his name in Khiva. After Anusha Khan ascended the throne, he built the fortresses of New Kot and Shahabad to strengthen the borders of the khanate. Then, in 1686, he marched to Bukhara Khanate and captured Gijduvan, Hazara, Samarkand, Karshi and Shahrisabz. Bukhara-Khiva relations became more tense during Anusha Khan's time. Anusha Khan organized several military campaigns that devastated Bukhara. His army even reached Bukhara. He occupied Samarkand. Together with Khojaqulibi Otarchi, governor of Samarkand region, he started a war against Bukhara Khan Subhanqulikhan.
In 1686, Subhonquli Khan organized a conspiracy against Anusha Khan Khan. Anusha Khan was deposed from the throne in 1687 and shot in the eye. During the reign of Anusha Khan, the mausoleums of Sultan Bais Baba in Karakalpakstan and Pahlavon Mahmud in Khiva, the White Mosque were repaired, and the work "Shajarayi Turk" was completed. Anusha Khan was buried in the Pahlawan Mahmud mausoleum in Khiva.
Abulghazi Bahadir Khan fought for the throne for several years and finally sat on the throne of Khiva in 1644. Abulghazi Bahadirkhan fought to strengthen the central authority.
Abulghazi Bahadirkhan is a historian and physician from the Shaybani dynasty. Abulghazi Bahadir Khan's sons, the Sultan of Abyssinia and the Sultan of Elbars, defeated their father, Arab Muhammad Khan, and imprisoned him in the Qum fortress. His elder brother Asfandiyar, who was a supporter of his father, fled to Iran, and Abulgazi Bahadirkhan fled to Bukhara to Imam Qulikhan. In 1623, after his brother Asfandiyar Khan took the throne of Khiva, Abulghazi Bahadir Khan was appointed governor of Urganch.
However, there was a dispute with Asfandiyar Khan, and Abulghazi Bahadir Khan fled to Kazakh Khan Eshim Khan in 1627; then he spent two years with the mayor of Tashkent, Tursunkhan. Soon after, he returned to Khorezm at the invitation of the Turkmens. Asfandiyar was forced to appoint him as governor of Khiva.
In 1629, the Turkmen conquered Nisa and Durun, which were subordinate to Iran. Asfandiyar Khan was afraid that the relations with Iran would become serious, he blamed Abulgazi Bahadir Khan and sent him as a hostage to the king of Iran in the winter of 1630. Abulghazi Bahadirkhan thus lived in prison for 10 years in Iran, in the Taborak fortress near Isfahan.
In the summer of 1639, he managed to escape from captivity. Abulghazi Bahadir Khan fought for the throne for several years and finally sat on the throne of Khiva in 1644. Abulghazi Bahadirkhan fought to strengthen the central authority. In 1663, he handed over power to his son Anusha Khan. Abulghazi Bahadirkhan is also notable as a great historian and scientist.
His works "Shajarayi Tarokima" and "Shajarayi Turk" are valuable sources of the history of Uzbekistan and Central Asia in general. Abulghazi Bahadirkhan also wrote a work on medicine called "Manofi'ul Insan" ("Things useful to man").