Academic Writing


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Part 3:
Vocabulary for Writing
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
high
reliable
heat
strength
confident
true
width
probability
necessary
long
danger
relevance




5 Academic adjectives
The following adjectives are best understood and learnt as opposites:
absolute
relative
abstract
concrete
accurate
inaccurate
ambiguous
unambiguous
analytic
synthetic
effective
ineffective
exclusive
inclusive
logical
illogical
metaphorical
literal
precise
vague or approximate or rough
rational
irrational
reliable
unreliable
relevant
irrelevant
specific
non-specific
subjective
objective
theoretical
practical or empirical or pragmatic
Examples:
Inflation is an abstract concept.
The metaphorical use of the word ‘key’ is probably more common than its literal one.
The study of engineering is very relevant to architecture.
Her study of women in education was criticised for being too subjective.
In Europe, empirical research began in the sixteenth century.
3.3: Academic Vocabulary: Nouns and Adjectives
169


170
Part 3:


Vocabulary for Writing
6 Practice B

Complete each sentence with a suitable adjective from the list in (5) on p. 169.
(a) The teacher complained that the quotes were _______________ to the title.
(b) His _______________ approach led him to ignore some inconvenient facts.
(c) _______________ examples are needed to make the argument clear.
(d) It is sufficient to give _______________ figures for national populations.
(e) Poverty is usually regarded as a _______________ concept.
(f) They approached the task in a _______________ way by first analysing the title.
(g) The students preferred examining case studies to _______________ discussion.
(h) The results were _______________: the victims had definitely been poisoned.

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