Activit Vocabulary task Complete the sentences using the expressions from the box. Explain their meaning

Activity 4. Reading task: Working Language
A lingua franca (LF) is a working language used by different populations to communicate when they do not share a common language.It is also called a bridge language, venicularlanguage or unifying language. Generally, a lingua franca is a third language that is distinct from the native language of both parties involved

in the communication, sometimes for commercial reasons (trade languages), but also for diplomatic and administrative convenience, and as a means of exchanging information between scientists and other scholars of different nationalities. The use of LF may be almost as old as language itself. Certainly, they have existed since antiquity.The term originates with one such language,Mediterranean LF. Latin and Greek were the LF of the Roman Empire.Arabic was another early LF to develop because of the sheer size of the Islamic Empire dating back to the 7th Century.

Arabic also served as the LF of science and diplomacy in the 1200’s because

at that time, more books were written in Arabic than in any other language. Still in some Europeanlanguages (including Georgian), there are someArabic words as admiral, algorithm or aubergine.Malay was the LF of Southeast Asia and was used by Arab and Chinese traders there prior to the arrival of the Europeans. Once they arrived, people like the Dutch and British also used Malay to communicate with the native peoples. In fact, in it’s time distinct spheres used to have distinct LF, for example, Latin - in science. In 1687, Isaac Newton published his “Mathematic

Principals Of Natural Philosophy” in Latin.English interpretation was published only 42 years later after his death.Today, LFs play an important role in global

communication as well. Examples of LFs remain numerous, and exist on every continent. The most obvious example as of the early 21st century is English. The United Nations defines its official languages as Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian , and Spanish. The official language of international air traffic control is English.In certain countries, the LF is also used as the national language; e.g., Urdu is the LF of Pakistan as well as the national language.

Activity 5. Read the text. Match the definitions 1-6 and the highlighted words and expressions in the text.

1. 
   the medium, method, or tool used to obtain a result or achieve an end as a means of
   
2. 
   to come or bring into being originates
   
3. 
   very steep sheer size;
   
4. 
   before, until prior to;
   
5. 
   time in the past when something or someone was popular or common in its time;
   
6. 
   easy to see or understand; evident obvious;
   

Activity6. Answer the following questions :

1.Do you think it is important to have a single international official language?