Actual problems of modern science, education and training

Key words: organization of transportation, locomotive, wagon, Internet of things, LoRaWAN , SigFOX , NB-IOT, Zigbee, Cellular communication, WiFi , RFID. Introduction. The possibilities of advanced technologies depending on certain factors (innovation, lower prices for spare parts and chips) increase over time. Trends change and at the right time you should be aware of new technologies in order to use
the advantages to your favor.
Railway transport by its specifics is a transport mainly for the transportation of mass cargo. The planning of cargo transportation for the year is based precisely on these mass cargoes, which will be formed on the basis of requests from shippers. In addition to planning for the annual period, there are monthly plans and additional plans. Consignors, in accordance with the Rule of Railway Transport, can apply for transportation of the appropriate type.
The provision of conditions for transportation specified in long-term, monthly and additional applications is carried out by dispatching personnel for the operational management of transportation. Operational management is based on information about the location and condition of cargo, rolling stock and the train as a whole. Currently in “Uzbekistan temir yullari” JSC, these information are provided through the Automated System for Operational Transportation Management (ASOTM). The work of ASOTM is a human-machine system, where all primary information about the rolling stock is collected manually. The scale of this system is great, as it operates in almost all CIS countries.
In this work, the author will analyze the possibilities of improving the technology of deployment and the state of rolling stock in order to improve the efficiency of operational management of transportation. To solve the problems of identifying the state of the rolling stock, the best option is the technology of the Internet of Things (Internet of Thinngs , IoT ).
Internet of things (Internet of Things , IoT ) is a network of physical objects equipped with technologies for interacting with each other and the external environment. There are many definitions for this term. The above definition is one of the shortest and most capacious. The keywords in it are network, technology, interaction, and the key point is that the presence of a person in this interaction is generally not necessary.[1]
Most likely the term Internet of Things was first used by Kevin Ashton ( Kevin Ashton ) in 1999. Kevin Ashton was an Assistant Brand Manager at Procter & Gamble in 1997 when he became interested in using RFID (Radio Frequency ) technology. identification - radio frequency identification) for supply chain management. The IoT term was reborn at the suggestion of Cisco analysts, who considered that in the period from 2008 to 2009 the number of devices connected to the global network exceeded the population of the Earth, thus the “Internet of People” became the “Internet of Things”. In the summer of 2013, Cisco launched the Connections Counter , a counter of devices connected to the Internet, on which you could see the number of connected devices in real time[2].

The Internet of Things includes technologies that have been created to solve certain problems or improve existing ones, which distinguishes them from others by their feature. One of the main objectives of this work is to select the most suitable IoT technology for improving the management of railway transport.