Agro and water saving technologies and approaches of assessing their effectiveness

AGRO AND WATER SAVING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPROACHES OF ASSESSING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS

Doctoral student of Nukus branch of Tashkent state agrarian university B.B.Mambetnazarov

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Аннотация: Мақолада Оролбўйи минтақасининг агро-экологик хусусиятлари ва ҳудудлар ишлаб чиқариш ихтисослашуви имкониятлари, шунингдек, мавжуд ер ва сув ресурларидан оқилона ва самарали фойдаланиш бўйича таклиф ҳамда тавсиялар баён этилган.

Аннотация: В статье даны агроэкологические особенности и приобретение территориальной возможности Приаралья, а также, излажены рекомендации о эффективности рациональные использования существующего местные и водного ресурса.

Annotation: The article presents aggro-ecological peculiarities of the Aral Sea region and opportunities of specialization on creating territories, also, recommendations on wisely and effective use of existing land and water resources.

Keywords: Development strategy, optimization, raw material modernization, economical development.

Agriculture is the important branch of economics in Uzbekistan, and this branch provides people of the country with food products and manufacture industry with raw material. About 90% of food products is made in agriculture. [3] Agriculture provides markets with food products and manufacture industry with raw material, together with this, it is a guaranteed market for the products of branches such as agricultural machinery and chemical industry.

Development strategy of further developing the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 is important in this. According to the document there are most actual tasks to make fields of fruits, vegetable, potato oily and other food crops instead of fields of cotton and wheat, which have low soil productivity, hard water provision, low profitability, by shortening them till 2021. [1]

According to the analyses, in 2030 it is predicted that 0,12 hectare field will be suitable for each person, even if the size of today’s fields will not decrease. This testifies that in the future the problem of providing people with food will be more difficult.

As a result of present strong development, influence of human activity on nature exceed mostly, inconsequence, laws of nature and natural processes in some regions of our planet started to be destroyed, balance of ecological system is destroyed and there appeared a serious danger on human health and his life on Earth in the future. Field of green forests shortened in the zones, where air, water and soil was polluted, deserts appeared instead of them. [6]

The President of our Republic Sh.M.Mirziyoyev mentioned this problem in his speeches at international rostrums and paid world society’s attention into the global ecological problem of drying up the Aral Sea. In order to destroy the present problems, reforms, which are being done by our government, are the main factors in developing every branch and further development. On 18^th January, 2017, the Decree №2731 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “About state program of developing the Aral Sea area in 2017-2021” was accepted and actions were indicated.[2]

In order to reach these aims and tasks, as a result of implementing opportunities of specializing aggro-ecological peculiarities of our Republic and creating regions, also, the complex of programs and actions directed to provide wisely and effective using existing land and water resources, making agricultural products is developing in our country.

They have the opportunities of doing researches at agricultural fields during some hours, delivering information, which was collected with the help of camera and sensor devices, to farmers, creating electron map of fields in 3D format, counting measured vegetative index in order to effective fertilizing crops, listing done works, protecting land, controlling water pumps from distance and etc.

For solving above mentioned problems in the levels of today’s world requirements the following must be done:

- providing branches of agricultural reproduction with cheaper, quality, productive producing instruments;

- producing quality products in the amount of covering requirements by wisely using all of the producing present instruments of agricultural branches;

- creating industry in country, by this, there will be created an opportunity of providing people of the branch with work and getting real profit;

- organizing advising centers on doing business activities in agriculture and making methodical recommendations on developing their activeness;

- studying foreign experiments on effective using capacity of the region and basing the ways of using them on local levels.

As a result of carrying out firm thought agricultural policy on optimizing sowing fields and situating agricultural crops in the region, saving comparative steady amount of producing cotton, which is the most important raw material and exporting product, opportunities of producing agricultural products as rice, wheat, beet, sunflower, products of sericulture and karakul sheep raising, melon, watermelon, all types of vegetables, potato, most fruits, grape and etc. are increasing. [3]

As a result of researches we consider that it is expedient to create milk and fruit reproduction technology according to the peculiarities of the region and resource provision, and buying pedigree cattle from foreign countries for increasing the effectiveness of producing agricultural products. Because, for organizing this kind of activity, there is enough resource in economy. Also, there will be an opportunity of increasing the power of large works in the future on the basis of cooperation from surrounding agricultural and farming economy by buying additional raw material of milk.

Further widening the activity of additional branches in agriculture provides increasing total profit more than 50 percent, at the same time, it decreases the extravagance of products, gives the opportunity of creating reproduction and start working at the same place, creating new places for working and increasing labor provision. Especially, it is actual to solve these problems regionally. Because, natural and economical conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan differs with variety and implementing reforms requires differentiated approaches. [4]

On the basis of above mentioned, it can be said that by taking into consideration weather, climate and soil peculiarities of the region in carried out agro technical, organizing, economical and other activities, we must think a lot about regularly increasing production and providing the increase of effectiveness of spent expenses when advanced methods implemented in carrying out agricultural activities.

Literature:

1. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on 7^th February, 2017, №4947 “About the development strategy of further developing the Republic of Uzbekistan”. www.lex.uz

2. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on 18^th January, 2017, №2731 “About state program of developing the Aral Sea area in 2017-2021”. www.lex.uz

3. Yusupov E.D. Developing organizational-economical basis of developing farming economics in the direction of horticulture. “The superiority of fruit-vegetable products of Uzbekistan”. Collection of articles of international scientific-practical conference. 2016. p-24-27.

4. Yusupbaev К. Peculiarities of implementing economical reforms in agricultural section of Karakalpakstan. Monograph – Тashkent: Uzbekistan -2001. p-9.

5. Abduganiev А., Abduganiev А.А. Agricultural economics. 2-publishing. Тashkent: “Adib nashriyoti”, 2011

6. Collection of materials of scientific-practical conference on the theme “The role of young scientists of higher and secondary specialized, occupational educational institutions in innovational development of agriculture” (May 2016). –Тashkent: Тashkent state agrarian university, 2016.

7. www.agroolam.uz