41. The correct answer is (B). American foreign policy between the two world wars can be described
as near isolationism. The disillusionment that followed the First World War and the move toward
disarmament created an atmosphere in which involvement in another foreign war seemed to Americans
to be inconceivable. After the defeat of the League of Nations, the United States all but washed its hands
of Europe and the Far East, though it did continue to play a role in the politics of the Western Hemi-
sphere. This mentality persisted for two decades. Even as hostilities were escalating in Europe, Roosevelt
was promising to keep the United States out of the war. As the situation worsened in Europe and Great
Britain stood alone, public opinion came to favor providing “all aid short of war.” In March 1941,
Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, which authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lease any
“defense article” to any anti-Axis nation in return for “payment in kind or property, or any other direct
or indirect benefit which the President deems satisfactory.” Thus, the United States would be the arsenal
to supply armaments to the Allies without actually committing itself to war.
42. The correct answer is (C). Great Britain does not have a formal, written constitution. Instead, the
principles of government have evolved over centuries. The country still retains its monarch as a fig-
urehead. The real executive power is vested in the prime minister who is not elected directly by the
voters but is chosen by the legislature. The legislature consists of two houses: the hereditary House of
Lords with only minor powers and the elected House of Commons with unlimited legislative power.
Members of the House of Commons are elected for a maximum term of five years but the House may
be dissolved at any time by the prime minister’s calling for elections.
43. The correct answer is (A). A key phrase in the selection is “invisible hand.” These words clearly
connect the selection to Adam Smith, who believed that self-interested individuals pursuing their own
ends ultimately promote the common good.
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