Where ‘***’ indicates that the null hypothesis is rejected at 10 % level of significance.
The table 3a and 3b signifies Granger causality test results on monthly and quarterly data series respectively. The estimations are carried out on the stationary variables and appropriate lag length is selected based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The causality test results on monthly series indicates that the null hypothesis of BSE does not Granger cause IIP is rejected at 10 % level and the null hypothesis of IIP does not Granger cause BSE is also rejected at 5 % level of significance. Similarly, the null hypothesis is also rejected in both directions for NSE and IIP at 10 % significance level and then it is evidenced that there is a bidirectional relationship among the considered variables. Granger causality test results on monthly series indicate that causality runs in both directions from stock market performance (stock prices) to economic growth (IIP) and vice versa. Similarly, table 3b divulges causality test results on quarterly data series, where the null hypothesis is not rejected in either direction for BSE and GDP but in another case the hypothesis is rejected in one way direction i.e., GDP does not Granger causes NSE with 10 % level of significance. Hence, the quarterly data results display that there is no causal relationship in between BSE and GDP but in case of GDP and NSE there is one way causal relationship, which runs from GDP to NSE and that confirms unidirectional relationship among them.
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