An examination of public-private partnerships
Partnership policy and the following revised definition
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Vrooman An Examination of Public-Private Partnerships Partnership Structure, Policy Marking, and Public Value 2012 Sislen
Partnership policy and the following revised definition: “A public‐private partnership is a method for delivering assets using a long‐term, performance‐ based contract between a reporting agency and a private entity where appropriate risks and benefits can be allocated cost effectively between the contractual partners. The private entity performs functions normally undertaken by the government, but the reporting agency remains ultimately accountable for the asset and its public function. The government usually retains ownership in the asset and the private party will be given additional decision rights in determining how the asset is developed, constructed, operated and/or maintained over its lifecycle.” (Brown, 2012) Page 5 The common theme of each definition is the private and public sectors working together to provide public services and goods that would not otherwise be provided. Other elements of the definitions include improvements in schedule, quality, and risk. The public sector transfers risks to the private sector through various levels of development, investment, and the operations of a property. Finally, a few of the PPP definitions promote economic development benefits such as job creation and improvement of an urban area. History of PPPs in the United States As early as the 18 th and 19 th centuries, partnerships were created in the US to privatize toll roads and railroads until the great depression when many of these services were taken over by the government due to private company bankruptcies. (Seader,2002) In the 1950’s the U.S. government took a lead role in Interstate Highway construction, improving the water required by the new Clean Water Act, and improving the air infrastructure required by the Airports and Airways Development Act. In the early 1980’s in the Reagan administration, the foundation for the PPP system was framed and set to follow the UK’s model to downsize the government role. The objectives were to control the government funding that was impacting government at all levels (local, state, federal), and charge fees for public roads and facilities, such as tolls (ULI, 2008). The Clinton and Bush Administrations placed an emphasis on PPPs with the objective of outsourcing government work to private companies that could perform the work more efficiently. In 1996, during the Clinton administration legislation for “Military Housing Privatization Initiative to “fix the Army’s housing problem” was set up under the premise that these initiatives would be partnerships with the private sector. (ULI, 2008) In 2004, the use of Public‐Private Partnerships in urban areas and economic developments throughout the U.S. was significant in the range of $75 billion (Corrigan, M.B., et al. 2005). The recognition of the PPP project structure was clearly in use and PPPs. Public‐Pri projects t less frequ Brown, 20 The figure for Europ structure generally demonstr environm (2004). So d would conti vate Partners hroughout th uently in the U 012). e below repre ean Union co in Europe. A gets involved rate they are, ental require ource: Europ inue to be use ships are mos he UK, Portug United States esents the Eu ountries. The According to t d and support “ financially r ements and ar pean Investme ed. Subseque st known for t gal Australia, A but they are ropean Inves increase ove he European ts projects th robust, econo re competitiv ent Bank, PPP ent U.S. admi their use on E Austria, and C gaining popu tment Bank’s er the years d Investment B at provide sta omically and t vely tendered Ps signed by E inistrations h European and Canada for de ularity in the s volume of P emonstrates Bank’s paper ability and or technically via d in accordanc EIB, 2004 ave continue d Canadian in ecades and ha United States PPP projects s the increase on PPP proje rganization th able, meet th ce with EU pr P ed to promote nfrastructure ave been use s (Pates, 2010 support annua d use of the P ects, the bank hat can he Bank’s rocurement r Page 6 e ed 0, ally PPP k ules.” More rese projects d plants, sc UK and th countries Curve from average a Source: Eg Download 1.66 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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