An Introduction to Old English Edinburgh University Press

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derivational morphology – area of morphology concerned with the way in 148 AN INTRODUCTION TO OLD ENGLISH 02 pages 001-166 29/1/03 16:09 Page 148 which lexemes are related to one another (or in which one lexeme is derived from another) through processes such as afﬁxation. digraph – the combination of two letters to represent a single sound, as in the	of this. distribution – in a sound system there are sets of sounds which contrast with each other, and such sounds are said to be in contrastive distribution; there are other sounds with do not contrast but appear in different positions in the word – for example for many speakers of English the ﬁrst sound in little is different from the last sound, but this has no effect on the sound system, because they two sounds are not contrastive, but rather complementary. dual – see number. endocentric (of a compound or derived word) – possessing a head. See also exocentric. exocentric (of a compound or derived word) – lacking a head. For example, the noun sell-out is exocentric because it contains no component that determines its word class (‘sell’ being a verb and ‘out’ being an adverb). experiencer – the animate entity affected by the action or state expressed by the verb. ﬁnite – used of verbs which have a subject, hence non-ﬁnite verbs lack a subject. focus – in discourse, the element which is given the most communicative importance. focussed – a norm to which speakers tend, rather than a ﬁxed standard. free morpheme, free allomorph – morpheme or allomorph that can stand on its own as a word. A morpheme may have both free and bound allomorphs, e.g. wife is free but wive- is bound because it appears only in the plural word form wives.

derivational morphology – area of morphology concerned with the way in
148
AN INTRODUCTION TO OLD ENGLISH
02 pages 001-166 29/1/03 16:09 Page 148

which lexemes are related to one another (or in which one lexeme is derived
from another) through processes such as afﬁxation.
digraph – the combination of two letters to represent a single sound, as in the

of this.
distribution – in a sound system there are sets of sounds which contrast with
each other, and such sounds are said to be in contrastive distribution; there are
other sounds with do not contrast but appear in different positions in the
word – for example for many speakers of English the ﬁrst sound in little
is different from the last sound, but this has no effect on the sound system,
because they two sounds are not contrastive, but rather complementary.
dual – see number.
endocentric (of a compound or derived word) – possessing a head. See also
exocentric.
exocentric (of a compound or derived word) – lacking a head. For example, the
noun sell-out is exocentric because it contains no component that determines
its word class (‘sell’ being a verb and ‘out’ being an adverb).
experiencer – the animate entity affected by the action or state expressed by
the verb.
ﬁnite – used of verbs which have a subject, hence non-ﬁnite verbs lack a subject.
focus – in discourse, the element which is given the most communicative
importance.
focussed – a norm to which speakers tend, rather than a ﬁxed standard.
free morpheme, free allomorph – morpheme or allomorph that can stand
on its own as a word. A morpheme may have both free and bound allomorphs,
e.g. wife is free but wive- is bound because it appears only in the plural word
form wives.

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