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aha, sityua¡ – orsityua¡ erTad Sedgmuli da ara moqene Sua iotisa¡, rameTu ara mokueTil ars aso¡. 44 aq, rogorc vxedavT, sityvaTa Sedgmis meore SemTxvevaa war- modgenili, rodesac kompozitis warmoebisas aso ar ikveceba da, Sesabamisad, arc iotas dasma aris saWiro. marginalur SeniSvnaSi ganxiluli niSnebi ( + ) ( ’ ) ( v) da maTi aRmniSvneli terminebi, cxadia, berZnulidan momdinareobs da kav- SirSia berZnul diakritikul niSanTa sistemasTan. 43 PG 36, col. 497 A 14; Oratio 43, Iber. p. 23. 44 Comm. 43, Iber. 14. 153 _____________________________________ `zepiriT dawerili~ SeniSvnebi rogorc cnobilia, berZnulSi diakritikuli niSnebi Zv. w. II-I saukuneebidan Cndeba da maTi SemoReba aleqsandriel grama- tikosebs, kerZod, aristofane bizantielis saxels ukavSirdeba. 45 aleqsandrieli gramatikosebis mier berZnul xelnawerebSi Set- anilma diakritikulma niSnebma gaaadvila manamde gabmulad Cawe- rili teqstebis (scriptio continua) kiTxva, 46 SesaZlebeli gaxda ber- Znuli teqstebis kiTxvis gansazRvruli wesis SemuSaveba. amave ep- oqis berZeni gramatikosis, dionise Trakielis Tevcnh grammatikhv-s erT-erTi gviandeli komentatoris mier es niSnebi sistemis saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli, gansazRvrulia maTi raoba da daniSnuleba (Peri; prosw/diw`n). sistemaSi, romelic oTxi qvejgufisagan Sedgeba (maxvilis niSnebi – tovnoi, marcvalTa sigrZe-simoklis niSnebi – crovnoi, fSvinvis niSnebi – pneuvmata, sadeklamacio niSnebi – pavqh), gaTvaliswinebulia berZnuli enis specifika, misi tonuroba, xmov- anTa kvantitaturi buneba da sxv. 47 prosodiis niSanTa es sistema qarTul mwignobrul tradi- ciaSic aris warmodgenili. ioane petriwis prokles `RvTis- metyvelebis safuZvlebis~ ganmartebis Targmanis winasityvaobasa da bolosityvaobaSi, agreTve, masze darTul sqolioSi mocemulia am niSanTa axsna. 48 petriwTan terminebi transliteraciiT aris gadmotanili: maxvilis niSnebi – oqsia, varia, perispomeni , marc- valTa sigrZe-simoklis niSnebi – makra, vraqia , fSvinvis niSnebi – dasia, fsili , sadeklamacio niSnebi – apostrofi, ¢feni, ¢podia- stoli . 49 TiToeul maTgans erTvis ganmarteba qarTulad. rogorc cnobilia, mogvianebiT petriwidan es sistema gadavida sulxan- sabasTan, 50 aseve anton kaTalikosis `qarTul RrammatikaSi~. 51 45 Aristophanis Byzantii Fragmenta, p. 170. 46 Groningen, Short Manuel of Greek Paleography. 47 Wellesz, A History of Byzantine Music and Hymnography, p. 249. 48 yauxCiSvili, masalebi ioane petriwis `ganmartebis~ wyaroTa Seswav- lisaTvis, gv. 755-759. 49 ioane petriwis Sromebi , II, gv. 221. 50 sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli , I: saswavlo yrmaTa, Rram- matika, gv. 23-24. 51 babunaSvili, uTurgaiZe, anton pirvelis `qarTuli Rrammatika~ , gv. 17- 18. mkvlevaTa azriT, am SemTxvevaSi petriwTan erTad ar aris gamo- ricxuli mxiTar sebastacis `gramatikis~ gavlenac. 154 Tavi III __________________________________________________________________ ra kavSirSia Cvens SeniSnvaSi warmodgenili diakritikuli niS- nebi da maTi aRmniSvneli terminebi dionise Trakielis niSanTa sistemasa da maT grafikul gamosaxulebebTan? niSani s¢nemba ( + ), romlis funqcia, SeniSnvis mixedviT, sity- vaTa SeerTebaa, prosodiis niSanTa sistemaSi aseTive moxazulo- bisaa da amave funqcias asrulebs, oRond misi saxelwodeba ¢fenia . SeniSvnaSi mocemulia s¢nembas etimologiuri ganmarteba: s¢nemba¡, romeli esreT gamoiTargmanebis, viTarmed ` Tana-warvle ~, ese igi ars Tana-warh£ed pirvelsa Sesakravsa, ra¡Ta erTsityua hyvne . ganmartebulia zmna ( Tana-warvle – sunbaivnw), romlidanac nawar- moebia termini s¢nemba , rac xels uwyobs am terminis mkafiod da cxadad gaazrebas. es termini berZnul tradiciaSi X saukunidan sistematurad dasturdeba berZnul saxarebebsa Tu leqcionareb- ze darTul ekfonetikur niSanTa cxrilebSi. 52 am termins vxvdeb- iT gelaTur oTxTavze (Q-39, XI s.) darTul ekfonetikur niSanTa cxrilSic. 53 amgvarad, ekfonetikur niSanTa sistemis s¢nemba arc formiT, arc funqciiT ar gansxvavdeba prosodiis niSanTa siste- mis ¢fenisagan . 54 asos mokvecis niSans ( j), romlis Sesabamisi termini prosodiis niSanTa sistemaSi apostrofia , marginaluri SeniSvnis avtori io- tas uwodebs. am saxelwodebiT es niSani ar dasturdeba arc Zvel gramatikosebTan, arc maT gviandel komentatorebTan, arc ekfon- etikur niSanTa sistemaSi. am terminis warmomavlobis garkvevisas, vfiqrobT, yuradReba unda mieqces sityva iotas mniSvnelobas. ijw`ta, Tavis ZiriTad mniSvnelobasTan erTad (berZnuli anbanis mecxre aso), aris, agreTve, mcire niSani, patara xazi, asos umci- resi nawili, xveula . 55 ijw`ta-s swored am mniSvnelobas unda ukav- Sirdebodes SeniSvnaSi gamoyenebuli termini iota , rogorc mcire zomis, xveulas formis niSani. 52 Höeg, La Notation ekphonétique, p. 17-25, 37. 53 yauxCiSvili, zogi qarTuli xelnaweris berZnuli minawerebi , gv. 455- 476. 54 Laum, Das Alexandrinische Akzentualionssystem, p. 139. 55 Liddel, Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, p. 847. 155 _____________________________________ `zepiriT dawerili~ SeniSvnebi SeniSvnaSi naxsenebi mesame niSania oqsia ( v). is am saxelwodeb- iT dasturdeba rogorc dionise TrakielTan, ise ekfonetikur niSanTa sistemaSi. es aris mkveTri maxvili – ojxei`a. misi, rogorc intonaciuri maxvilis funqcia aris xmis Secvla – xmis amaRle- ba. 56 ra funqcia aqvs am niSans marginaluri SeniSvnis mixedviT? Cveni azriT, s¢nembasa da iotasTan erTad Sedgmul sityvaze das- muli oqsia sityvaTa Sedgmas , kompozitad qceuli sityvis erTi intonaciuri mTlianobiT warmoTqmas emsaxureba: wina kerZo gah- kar oqsiasa zeda, ra¡Ta esreT erTsityua hyvne . rogorc vxedavT, aq miniSnebulia oqsias gakvris, misi dasmis adgili – wina kerZo – wina mxare, wina nawili. rogorc Sedgmul sityvebze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, oqsia yovelTvis iotasa da s¢nembas Semdeg, Sedgmuli sityvis bolodan meore marcvalzea xolme dasmuli. Zvel mwigno- brul tradiciaSi leqsikur erTeuls, winas – momdevnos, Semdegis mniSvneloba aqvs. am mniSvnelobiT aris es sityva gamoyenebuli sabawmiduri skolis cnobili gadamwer-redaqtoris, ioane-zosimes mier gadaweril da redaqtirebul nusxaTa minawerebSi. am mniS- vnelobiT vxvdebiT winas miqael modrekilis iadgarSi, agreTve nevmirebul ZlispirebSic. 57 ase rom, SeniSvnaSi fraza – wina kerZo gahkar oqsiasa zeda – romelic mosdevs iotas da s¢nembas fun- qciebis garkvevas, mianiSnebs swored oqsias adgil-mdebareobas: is unda daisvas iotasa da s¢nembas momdevnod, maT Semdeg. moce- mul konteqstSi gahkar oqsiasa zeda maxvilis dasmas, mis grafi- kul gamosaxvas unda niSnavdes; Zneli warmosadgenia, rom am Sem- TxvevaSi is intonaciuri maxvilis – xmis aweva-amaRlebis rols asrulebdes qarTulSi. mokled SevCerdebiT oqsiasa da mis funqciebze qarTul xel- nawerebSi. elinofiluri periodis qarTul xelnawerebSi, gan- sakuTrebiT Savi mTis mTargmnelobiT skolasTan dakavSirebul 56 sulxan-saba orbeliani, romelic eyrdnoba ioane petriwis prosodiis niSanTa ganmartebebs, ase ganmartavs am niSans: oqsia, romel ars maxvi- li. sada sityvasa zedaT akruli aqvs, mun £misa amaRleba £ams , sulxan- saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli , I, gv. 23. 57 Wankievi, palestinel gadamwer `iovaneTa~ Sesaxeb, gv. 50; qarTul xel- nawerTa aRweriloba yofili wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoe- bis (S) koleqciisa , gv. 561, 563. nevmirebuli Zlispirni , gv. 841. 156 Tavi III __________________________________________________________________ nusxebSi, mkveTr maxvils s¢nembasa da iotasagan damoukidebladac xSirad vxvdebiT, magaliTad, kiTxviT Tu uaryofiT nawilakebze, agreTve berZnulidan uTargmnelad, transliteraciiT gadmot- anil sityvebSi. 58 vfiqrobT, intonaciuri maxvilis funqcias oq- sia garkveulwilad swored erTmarcvliani kiTxviTi da uaryofi- Ti nawilakebis SemTxvevaSi asrulebda. rac Seexeba berZnulidan uTargmnelad, transliteraciiT gadmotanil sityvebSi erT-erT marcvalze (es marcvali umetes SemTxvevaSi bolodan meorea xolme) oqsias dasmas: Cveni azriT, sityvis im paleografiuli niSnebiT warmodgena, ra niSnebic mas originalSi, berZnulSi aqvs, garkveulwilad miuTiTebs am sityvis ucxour, berZnul warmoma- vlobaze. diakritikuli niSnebis gamoyeneba garkveuli kategori- is sityvebis dasaniSnad paleografiaSi arcTu iSviaTi movlenaa; magaliTad, berZnul xelnawerebSi tremas (diaeresiss), misTvis gansazRvrul adgilTan erTad (erTmaneTis gverdiT mdgom i-sa da u-is Tavze, rodesac isini ar qmnian difTongs), met-naklebi sistematurobiT ebraulidan gadmosul sakuTar saxelebSic vx- vdebiT. 59 elinofiluri periodis qarTul xelnawerebSi maxvili rom ucxourTan, berZnulTan kavSiris mimaniSnebelia, vfiqrobT, Cans XI saukunis metafrasuli krebulis mixedviTac, romelSic dasturdeba efrem mciris Targmanebi da romelic warmomavlobiT Sav mTasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli. am krebulSi sofron ieru- salimelis sakiTxavis – `migebebisaT¢s uflisa~ – erTi pasaJi asea warmodgenili: - amier dascxra akademia¡, amier dadumna stovva¡, amier uqm ars peripavto¡, amis mier mwolarev ars lukivon, amis mier daTrgunvivl ars aTivna¡. 60 58 maxvilis gamoyenebisa da misi funqciebis Sesaxeb gelaTuri skolis Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerebSi, kerZod, gelaTis katenebian bib- liasa da Teodorite kvirelis amos da miqea winaswarmetyvelTa wigne- bis ganmartebaTa qarTuli Targmanebis Semcvel nusxebSi ix. juReli, netari Teodorite kvireli , gv. 189, 215. 59 Barbour, Greek Literaty Hands A. D. 400-1600, p. XXIX . 60 Cod. A-162, 58r-v. 157 _____________________________________ `zepiriT dawerili~ SeniSvnebi mocemul pasaJSi yvela maxvili – ara, magram eqvsidan oTxi berZnul sityvebzea dasmuli. 61 SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mkveTri max- vilebiT moniSnuli pasaJi, romelic Sinaarsobrivad elinur sa- myarosTan aris kavSirSi, garegnuladac berZnul dawerilobasTan avlens kavSirs, `elinurad gamoiyureba~. 62 dabolos, ratom aris dasmuli mkveTri maxvili qarTul si- tyvebSi yvelaze xSirad bolodan meore marcvalze, Cven SemTx- vevaSi – iotasa da s¢nembas Semdeg? vfiqrobT, aqac qarTveli mwignobrebi misdeven maxvilis dasmis berZnul wess, romlis mixedviTac berZnul sityvebSi mkveTri maxvili yvelaze xSirad swored bolodan meore marcvals uwevs xolme. ra mimarTebaSia qarTul xelnawerebSi Sedgmis £elovnebiT gadmotanili sityvebi berZnulTan? grigolis qarTul nusxebSi Sedgmuli sityvebis kvlevam ber- ZnulTan mimarTebiT Semdegi suraTi gamoavlina: Sedgmis niSnebiT warmodgenili sityvebi, ise rogorc zemoT ganxilul or SemTx- vevaSi, TiTo-orola gamonaklisis garda, berZnulSi ar warmoad- gens rTul sityvebs – isini Cveulebrivi msazRvrel-sazRvrule- bia, an ubralod ori an orze meti erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli sityvaa. magaliTad: Ramis j + Rivrsi (A-109, 197r, Jer. 15, 207 v) – nukto;~ o[ntw~ ajxiva (PG 36, col. 644, B 10); ar j + dacarielebadTagan (Jer. 15, 199 r) – ta; mh; kenouvmena (PG 36, col. 625, B 10); Cuenis ù jJamis jùnawileb (Jer. 15, 119 r, A-109, 191r, Jer. 13, 183r) – tou` kaq j hJma`~ crovnou tmhv- mata (PG 36, col. 625, C 3); siborotis jùZirman (Jer. 15, 202 v.) – hJ th`~ kakiva~ rJivza (PG 36, col. 633, B 7) da sxv. 61 aq maxvilTa dasmisas sizuste ar aris daculi. es arc aris gasakviri, radgan gadamwerTa did nawils, romelic avtografuli Tu Sualeduri nusxidan akeTebda teqstis kopirebas, ZiriTadad, ar esmoda am tipis niSnebis daniSnuleba, ase rom, iseTi mcire detalebi, rogoric max- vilia, SeiZleba arasworad daesva an gamorCenoda kidec. vfiqrobT, Tavdapirvel nusxaSi es niSani eqvsive berZnul sakuTar saxelze iqne- boda dasmuli. 62 pasaJs erTvis marginaluri SeniSvna, romelic efrems unda ekuTv- nodes: [ Seiswa ] ve , [ ese yovelni (?)] saxelni arian adgilisani, romelTa Sina iyvnes swavlani sawarmarTo¡sa sibrZnisani da maT Soris saker- poni, romelTa uzorvides moswavleni igi sibrZnisani (cod. A-162, 58v). 158 Tavi III __________________________________________________________________ isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom grigol RvTismetyvelis berZnul nusxebSi arsad ar dasturdeba iotasa da s¢nembas gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi sityvaTa Sedgmis , kompozitad warmodgenis mizniT. es arc iyo mosalodneli. marTalia, rogorc ukve mivuTiTeT, berZnul xelnawerebSi (+) SemaerTebeli niSania, xolo ( j) – asos mokvecis, magram kompozitis dawerilobaSi berZnul xelnawerebSi es niSnebi, da saerTod, aranairi niSani ar aris gamoyenebuli. 63 amgvarad, qarTveli mwignobari berZnuli xelnawerebidan iRebs diakritikul niSnebs da, erTi mxriv, maTi funqciis, xolo, meore mxriv, qarTuli enobrivi normebisa da wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, qarTul xelnawerSi Seaqvs isini axali funqciiT da am gziT amkvi- drebs sityvaTa Sedgmis £elovnebas qarTul mwignobrul tradi- ciaSi. sagangebod SevexebiT marginaluri SeniSvnis avtoris vinao- bis sakiTxs. marTalia, efrem mcire umetesad Tavad urTavs xol- me SeniSvnebs Tavis Targmanebs, magram Cveni SeniSvnis dasawyisSi aris erTi fraza, romelic misi avtorobis sakiTxis gadasinjvas moiTxovs. SeniSvnaSi vkiTxulobT: ese £elovneba¡ sxuaTaca aRwerilTa Sina, xolo ufro¡sRa didisa amis moZRurisa, da umetesad T¢T amas sakiTxavsa Sina ufro ixilvebis, ra¡Ta simoklisaT¢s sity¢sa orTa sityuaTa erTad S e a d g m i d e s ... rameTu aha, raJams u £ m d a Tqumad, viTarmed `meoredad Jamisa davemTx¢e mas~, simoklisaT¢s orTa sityuaTa erTad Seadgams da ansa moh- kueTs `Jamisagan~. erTi SexedviT, iqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos SeniSvnis avto- ri saubrobs viRac sxva mwignobris, grigolis sakiTxavis mTargm- nelis Sesaxeb, romelmac moaxdina sityvaTa Sedgma. magram pasaJis 63 SemaerTebeli niSani + berZnul xelnawerebSi gamoyenebulia, umetes- wilad, gaugebrobis Tavidan asacileblad prefiqsian an uaryofiT- nawilakian sityvebSi, raTa mkiTxvelma erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaos, magaliTad: ejpiv+kairo~ da ejpi; kaivron, ajmfiv+krhmno~ da amfi; krhmnw`/, oujde+miva da oujde; miva. mokvecis niSani ixmareba uaryofiTi nawilakebisa da windebulebis bolo xmovanTa mokvecis aRsaniSnavad xmovniT dawye- bul saxel Ta win, magaliTad: kaq j hJmevran, di jhJma`~, oujd j e[rcomai. 159 _____________________________________ `zepiriT dawerili~ SeniSvnebi detaluri gramatikuli analizi, vfiqrobT, warmoaCens efremis avtorobis mxardamWer argumentebs. magaliTad, sruliad da- saSvebia, rom frazis – simoklisaT¢s sity¢sa orTa sityuaTa er- Tad Seadgmides – qvemdebared vigulisxmoT ese £elovneba¡ . xolo fraza – odes u£mda Tqumad – unda niSnavdes: rodesac saWiro iyo Tqma , sadac u£mda (awmyoSi £ams ) modaluri zmnaa, romelSic asaxulia mTqmelis damokidebuleba zmniT gamoxatuli moqmedebis ( Tqma ) mimarT. 64 Cvens mosazrebas mxars uWers areopagituli korpusis II wignis `zeciuri ierarqiis~ komentaris efremiseuli Targmanis erT-er- Ti pasaJic, romelic exeba areopagelis teqstSi dadasturebul kompozits – deuterofanw`~: 65 SemoklebisaT¢s sity¢sa nacvlad amissa, viTarmed `meori- Ta saCinoebiTa~, orTave sityuaTa erTad Seadgams, viTar- med `meorsaCinod~ 66 (Sdr. ... ra¡Ta simoklisaT¢s sity¢sa orTa sityuaTa erTad Seadgmides ... rameTu aha, raJams u£mda Tqumad, viTarmed `meoredad Jamisa davemTx¢e mas~, simoklisaT¢s orTa sityuaTa erTad Seadgams ... ra¡Ta es- reT erTsityua hyvne, viTarmed `Jamismeoredad~). areopagituli teqstis komentarSi gaanalizebuli leqsikuri erTeuli berZnul wyaroSic kompozitia; marTalia, am komentarSi saubaria Tavad areopagelis mier kompozitis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, mag- ram teqstobrivi Tanxvedra areopagituli teqstis komentarsa da grigol RvTismetyvelis 43-e sakiTxavze darTul SeniSvnas Soris imdenad TvalsaCinoa, rom namdvilad SesaZlebelia am ori teqstis avtoris gaigiveba. es aris efrem mcire, romelic sxvadasxva enaSi, 64 es zmna swored am formiTa ( u£mda ) da funqciiT dasturdeba ioane da- maskelis Txzulebis – `Sesxma iovane oqropirisa¡~ – qarTul Targman- Si, romelic XI saukuneSi unda iyos Sesrulebuli: u£mda sadme, u£mda, Ä iovane yovlad oqropiro, SesxmaTa SenTa Sexebad , ix. Wyonia, iovane damaskelis enkomia ioane oqropiris mimarT, gv. 134. 65 PG 3, col. 240, B10-11. 66 qarTul-berZnuli saRvTismetyvelo ganmartebani angelozur ZalTa Sesaxeb , gv. 153. 160 Tavi III __________________________________________________________________ berZnulsa da qarTulSi dadasturebul erTsa da imave gramati- kul movlenaze erTi da imave terminebiT saubrobs. ganmartebas saWiroebs kidev erTi fraza SeniSvnidan: ... da viTar Cueuleba¡ aqus Z u e l T a, egreTve a x a l T a, Sedgmulni ese sityuani aRiniSnvodes da iTqumoden... gramatikuli xasiaTis literaturaSi sityviT Zuelni (oiJ pa- laioivv) moxseniebulni arian xolme Zveli Taobis mwerlebi, ufro xSirad – Zveli gramatikosebi. 67 Cveni azriT, naklebad dasaSvebia, zemoT moyvanili fraza gulisxmobdes: Zvel qarTul mwignobrul tradiciaSi, adrec, efremamdec, arsebobda sityvaTa Sedgmis xe- lovneba. rogorc cnobilia, XI saukunemdel qarTul nusxebSi es niSnebi sityvaTa Sedgmis funqciiT ar dasturdeba. maTi gamo- yeneba zemoT ganxiluli funqciiT tipuri maxasiaTebelia efrem mciris Targamnebis Semcveli da Sav mTaze gadawerili xelnawere- bisa da, zogadad, qarTuli mwignobruli tradiciis elinizaciisa, romelsac safuZveli efrem mcirem Cauyara. maS, vis gulisxmobs SeniSvnis avtori Zvelebsa da axlebSi ? SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom efremi, romelic grigol RvTisme- tyvelis krebulze muSaobda Tavisi moRvaweobis bolo periodSi, albaT ukve xandazmul asakSi, Tavis Tavs gulisxmobda Zveli Tao- bis gramatikosebSi da Tavis Taobas mijnavda axali Taobis mwig- nobrebisagan, romlebsac efremis Taobisagan ukve SeTvisebuli unda hqonodaT es £elovneba . erTi azric gagviCnda: kolofonebSi efremi xSirad saubrobs Tavis winamorbed moRvaweTa, Zvel qarTvel mTargmnelTa Rvawl- ze da xazgasmiT miuTiTebs, rom mTeli Tavisi saqmianobiT is im tradiciebis gamgrZelebelia, romlebsac safuZveli Zvelebma Cauyares. Tumca Tavisi mTargmnelobiTi meTodiT, agreTve mTli- anad bizantiuri kulturis mimarT Tavisi damokidebulebiT igi namdvil novatorad gvevlineba qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi. rogorc irkveva, efrems mudmivad uwevda TavismarTleba orker- Zo da mravalmomkerZo mabralobelTa winaSe swored Tavisi no- vatorobis gamo, im eqsperimentis gamo, romlis Sedegad Seiqmna 67 Stephano, Thesaurus Graecae Linguae VI 1 , col. 65. 161 _____________________________________ `zepiriT dawerili~ SeniSvnebi tradiciuli (eqvTimeseuli) Targmanisagan gansxvavebuli, uCueve- lobiT da sxuebrobiT gamorCeuli grigolis sakiTxavebis Targ- mani. sityvaTa Sedgma , rogorc Cans, erT-erTi im siaxleTagani iyo, romlis dasanergad da dasacavad winamorbed mTargmnelTa ( ZuelTa ) damowmeba, rogorc Cans, garkveuli taqtikuri xerxi iyo efremisaTvis. sityvaTa Sedgmis xelovneba rom swored efremis Semotanili siaxlea qarTul xelnawerebSi, amas adasturebs kidev erTi mar- ginaluri SeniSvna efrem mciris mier Targmnili grigolis 16-si- tyviani krebulidan. SeniSvna erTvis grigol RvTismetyvelis me-14 homiliaSi sityvaTSeTanxmebas – tou;~ eJautoi`~ qarjrJou`nta~ 68 – sakuTar Tavs mindobilni . efremiseul TargmanSi es sityvaT- SeTanxmeba gadmotanilia erTi leqsikuri erTeuliT, kompozitiT – TavTmnde , romelic xelnawerebSi diakritikuli niSnebiT aris warmodgenili ( TavT’ + mndisa ). am leqsikur erTeuls erTvis mar- ginaluri SeniSvna: Seiswave, `TavT’ + mnde~ a x l a d s i t y u a d , mokled amis wil, viTarmed `mindobil iyvnes TavTa T¢sTa. 69 amgvarad, diakritikuli niSnebiT warmodgenili sityva, kompo- ziti, romelic sityvaTa Sedgmis xelovnebiTaa Seqmnili, SeniSv- naSi Sefasebulia, rogorc a x a l i s i t y v a – neologizmi. dabolos, ra mizans emsaxureba sityvaTa Sedgma da ratom mi- marTavs efremi am xelovnebas ase xSirad swored grigol RvTis- metyvelis homiliaTa Targmnisas? am kiTxvaze pasuxi Tavad Se- niSvnaSia: es xdeba simoklisaT¢s sity¢sa . rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, grigol RvTismetyvelis mxatvruli stilis es Tavisebureba – sityva-simokle – gansjis sagnad iyo qceuli misi Tanamedroveebisa da misi Txzulebebis komentatore- bis mier. basili didi grigolisadmi miweril erT-erT epistoleSi SeniSnavs: guSinwin Sengan werili miviRe. namdvilad Sengan rom aris, es Cans ara imdenad xelis mixedviT, ramdenadac epistolis 68 Cod. Jer. 13, 135r. bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba , gv. 161. 69 Cods. Jer. 15, 165 v; Jer. 8, 178 v; Jer. 13, 135v. 162 Tavi III __________________________________________________________________ TaviseburebiT. masSi sityvebi cotaa, azri ki didia mocemuli. 70 efremis SeniSvniT, misi Targmanebi warmoaCens sityua-simoklesa da siRrmesa didisa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisasa , xolo eqvTi- mes Sesaxeb miuTiTebs, man sityua-simokle moZRurisa¡ ganavrci- so . 71 efremi, romlis mizanic grigolis TxzulebaTa Targmnisas berZnulTan maqsimaluri adekvaturobis miRweva iyo, cdilobda grigolis stilis am specifikis gadmotanasac Tavis TargmanSi. sityvaTa Sedgma – ori sityvis gaerTianeba xmovnis amogdebiT – erT-erTi xerxi unda yofiliyo efremisTvis lakonurobis efeq- tis misaRwevad. ra viTarebaa sityvaTa Sedgmis TvalsazrisiT xelnawerebSi? SeniSvnaSi miTiTebulia: ese £elovneba¡ sxuaTaca aRwerilTa Sina, xolo ufro¡ sRa didisa amis moZRurisa, da umetesad T¢T amas sakiTxavsa Sina ufro ixilvebis, ra¡Ta simoklisaT¢s sity¢sa orTa si- tyuaTa erTad Seadgmides. marTlac, efrems swored RvTismetyvelis Txzulebebis Targm- nisas miumarTavs sityvaTa Sedgmis xerxisTvis yvelaze xSirad. sayuradReboa, rom Sedgmis niSnebi grigolis TxzulebaTa krebu- lebidan im xelnawerebSia yvelze didi raodenobiT, romlebSic niSanTa ganmartebaa daculi, kerZod, esenia: Jer. 13, Jer. 15, Jer. 43, agreTve, A-109-Sic (ix. sur. 3, gv. 130): RmrTis + sayuarevlTa (A-109, 190v), saxis + dasabamisa Î (A-109, 193v), kacT + zeSTav ÎsaÎ (A-109, 204r), zesT j + caTa Î (Jer. 15, 198v), WeSmarite- bis j + Zeglebad (Jer. 15, 199v), RmrTis j + garemovTa (Jer. 15, 200v), navis j + msxdomTa (Jer. 13, 210v), yrmaT j + msrvelovba Î (Jer. 13, 214v), zeST j + aRmvldovmi (Jer. 43, 206r), cxovlismyofelis j + movklul (Jer. 43, 218v), kldis j + sakueTebel (Jer. 207v, A-109, 197r), RmrTis j + saidumloni (Jer. 13, 200r, Jer. 15, 214v). aris iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac erT xel- nawerSi Sedgmis niSnebiT warmodgenili sityva sxva nusxaSi niSne- 70 Saint Basile, Lettres, I, Epist. XIX, p. 49. 71 bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawer- Ta aRweriloba , gv. 149. 163 _____________________________________ `zepiriT dawerili~ SeniSvnebi bis gareSe, msazRvrel-sazRvrulis saxiTaa mocemuli, magaliTad: sawnaxelis j + mavalisa (Jer. 15, 214v) – sawnaxelisa mavalisa (Jer. 43, A-109) da sxv. grigolis sakiTxavTa garda, es niSnebi efrem mciris mier Targmnil TxzulebaTa Semcvel sxva krebulebSic dasturdeba. am mxriv saintereso masalas vxvdebiT xelnawerSi S-1276 – homileti- kur-agiografiul TxzulebaTa krebulSi, kerZod, mis pirvel na- wilSi (XI saukunis bolo), romlis redaqtorad da erT-erT gadamwe- rad efrem mcirea miCneuli 72 (ix. sur. 4, gv. 173). aq diakritikuli niSnebi Sedgmis wesis dacviT aris dasmuli: sityuaT’ + stadiovnad (72r), Jamis’ + JamTavsa (73v), romlis’ + msgavsi (74r), naTel’ + Saravandsa (75r), RmrTis’ + saTnosa (100v), cremlT’ + mSobeli (114r), mRÂme + Se- wyudeuli, mÃecT’ + micemuli, mSÂdobis’ + dasabamisa¡Ta (9v), aCr- dilis’ + mwerloben (12r), wina¡swarmetyuelT’ + mklvelman (16r), elva + mkrTomovbded (81v), musikaT’ + moqmedobdian (82r), dedis’ + pi- risa¡ (90v), RmrTis’ + saxeovbiT (107v). marginalur SeniSvnaSi moxseniebuli niSnebi, kerZod ki, Se- niSvnaSi aRwerili sityvaTa Sedgmis wesi, efremis saxelTan da- kavSirebul Savi mTis XI-XII saukuneebis sxva nusxebSic aris ga- tarebuli, Tumca arcTu sistematurad. zog SemTxvevaSi Sedgmul sityvas aklia xolme romelime niSani, ufro xSirad oqsia. - A-162 (XI s., metafrasuli krebuli, Seicavs efrem mciris Tar- gmanebs): sarwmunoeba + mtkicevTa, cxovelT j + msxuerplebani, mra- val + RmerTi (8r); gare + Sewerilsa (59v), RmrTis + sayuarelTa (88v). - S-384 (XI-XII ss., Seicavs efrem mciris Targmanebs): vecxlis- fer + mkTomni (1v); bude + idgevmdiT (2r). - Q-1158 (XI s. samociqulos komentaris efrem mciris Targmani): âorc + SesxmiTa (52r), £elT + dasxma¡, mart¢l + yves, srul + yves (56r). saerTodac, rogorc Cans, berZnulidan gadmotanili sxva- dasxva mwignobruli wesebisa Tu niSnebis damkvidreba qarTul xelnawerebSi sakmaod rTuli procesi iyo. qarTul xelnawerebSi xSirad vxvdebiT qarTvel mwignobar mTargmnelTa moTxovnas ga- daweris mnebebelTa mimarT, raTa isini gansakuTrebuli yuradRe- 72 metreveli, efrem mciris avtografi, gv. 109-126. 164 Tavi III __________________________________________________________________ biT moepyron dedanSi arsebul sxvadasxva niSans da gadanusxvisas zedmiwevniT daicvan gansazRvruli wesebi. miuxedavad am sirTuleebisa, sityvaTa Sedgmis âelovnebam sak- maod kargad moikida fexi momdevno xanis qarTul xelnawerul tradiciaSi. es niSnebi met-naklebi sizustiT da sisruliT das- turdeba petriwul saliteraturo skolaSi Seqmnil TargmanTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerebSic. aq sityvaTa Sedgma xdeba imave principiT, ra principiTac Savi mTis nusxebSi – sityvebi samive niSnis gamoyenebiT aris SeerTeuli da wesi Tanamimdevrulad aris daculi. magaliTad: moyuareT + jsayuarevlni (S-2568, 50r) qorwilis j + da m cvev li (S-2568, 52r), kicuT j + mwyselisa (A-39, 2r), win j + SesavliTTa (A-39, 122r), zed j + dawesebivTi (A-39, 197 r) da a. S. gvxvdeba iseTi nusxebic, sadac niSanTa xmareba gamartivebulia. ufro xSirad, vidre Savi mTis xelnawerebSi, dakargulia iota da oqsia, zog- jer icvleba s¢nembas grafikuli moxazuloba, rkali ormagdeba, an sammagdeba. 73 Sedgmis niSnebs vxvdebiT aseve anton I-is saliteraturo sko lis nusxebSic. rogorc cnobilia, anton kaTalikosis sko- lam imemkvidra qarTvel elinofilTa mwignobruli tradiciebi, mTargmnelobiTi meTodi, xelnaweri wignis agebis principebi da, maT Soris, sityvaTa Sedgmis wesic. 74 Sedgmis xelovneba anton I-is skolaSi gadaweril xelnawerebSi SedarebiT martivi saxiT aris warmodgenili. Sedgmis funqcias aq erTi diakritikuli niSani – ubralo an gaormagebuli rkali asrulebs: ar + dasapyrobelni (A-292, 7r), patiJis + misa£del (A-292, 71r), sibrZnis + moyuare (A-292, 111v), oqro¡s + moyuareni (A-292, 112r), glaxakT + mzrdelobad (A-292, 143v), aCrdilis + mwerlobani (A-292, 287r) 75 da a. S. 73 petriwuli skolis xelnawerebis Sesaxeb ix. bezaraSvili, grigol nazianzelis poeziis qarTuli versia , gv. 117-122; bezaraSvili, ioane sinelis klemaqsis ucnobi qarTuli versia, gv. 129-154. 74 Otkhmezuri, Greek Literature and Georgian Translation Tradition, 17 th -18 th Centuries, p. 89-93. 75 Cod. A-292 (1800 w.) – grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebebis krebuli (e. w. ortomedi ); gadawerilia anton I-is skolis cnobili warmomad- genlis, ioane osesZis (1750-1801 ww.) mier. 165 _____________________________________ `zepiriT dawerili~ SeniSvnebi amgvarad, petriwuli da antonis skolis xelnawerebis Seswav- la Savi mTis xelnawerebTan mimarTebiT, vfiqrobT, warmoaCens, rom am xelnawerebSi gatarebulia sityvaTa Sedgmis efremiseuli, Savi mTis tradicia. maTSi dadasturebuli diakritikuli niSne- bi kavSirSia ara ioane petriwisa da antonisaTvis kargad nacnob prosodiis niSanTa sistemasTan (rogorc es mosalodneli iyo), aramed Savi mTis xelnawerebTan da Sav mTaze efremis mier gri- golis sityva-simoklis gadmosacemad Seqmnil sityvaTa Sedgmis xelovnebasTan. • grigol RvTismetyvelis liturgikuli Download 3.58 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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