Antonomasia (антономазия, переименование)

Periphrasis (перифраз, перифраза)
This is a very peculiar stylistic device by which a longer phrase is used instead of a shorter and plainer one; it is a case of circumlocution (a round­about way of description), which is used in literary descriptions for greater expressiveness.
Depending on the mechanism of this substitution, periphrases are classified into figurative (metonymic and metaphoric), and logical. The first group is made, in fact, of phrase-metony­mies and phrase-metaphors, as you may well see from the following example: "The hospital was crowded with the surgically interesting products of the fighting in Africa" (I.Sh.) where the extended meton­ymy stands for "the wounded".
Logical periphrases are phrases synonymic with the words which were substituted by periphrases: "Mr. Du Pont was dressed in the con­ventional disguise with which Brooks Brothers cover the shame of American millionaires." (M.St.) "The conventional disguise" stands here for "the suit" and "the shame of American millionaires"—for "the paunch (the belly)". Because the direct nomination of the not too elegant feature of appearance was substituted by a roundabout de­scription this periphrasis may be also considered euphemistic, as it of­fers a more polite qualification instead of a coarser one.
The main function of periphrases is to convey a purely individual perception of the described object. To achieve it the generally accepted nomination of the object is replaced by the description of one of its features or qualities, which seems to the author most important for the characteristic of the object. The often repeated periphrases become trite and serve as universal­ly accepted periphrastic synonyms: "the gentle / soft / weak sex" (wom­en); "my better half (my spouse)"; "minions of Law" (police), etc. Cf. some more examples of this SD:
The little boy has been deprived of what can never be replaced (Dickens) (= deprived of his mother);
An addition to the little party now made its appearance (= another person came in).
The notion of king may be poetically represented as the protector of earls; the victor lord; the giver of lands; a battle may be called a play of swords; a saddle = a battle-seat; a soldier = a shield-bearer, God = Our Lord, Almighty, Goodness, Heavens, the Skies.
Periphrasis may have a poetic colouring:
a pensive warbler of the ruddy breast (= a bullfinch, снегирь; A. Pope); The sightless couriers of the air (= the winds; Shakespeare),
or a humorous colouring: a disturber of the piano keys (= a pianist; O. Henry).