Api standards for data-sharing (account aggregator)
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Restricted CGIDE – API standards for data-sharing – October 2022 41 Annex B: Data-sharing regulatory models According to international experiences such as those in Australia, Brazil, India, Korea and the United Kingdom, central banks can establish flexible, rigid or no regulatory frameworks for the promotion of data- sharing. Hence, a free market-led approach or one controlled by regulation emerge as viable alternatives to be analysed by participating central banks. Smith and Lehane (2022) classified the regulatory models as follows. Market-driven In this type of model, regulatory frameworks do not exist or are smooth, with no requirements regarding data-sharing. Third-party providers (TPP) do not have to deal with complex privacy frameworks or costly compliance rules. Open banking in this free market version allows TPPs to access banks’ APIs to provide new services to customers. However, this usually presents a risk for banks since they retain the responsibility for handling the data. The decentralised model is a good example of a trust ecosystem model that tries to promote a market-driven approach by seeking to avoid too much intervention. Regulatory-driven According to international experience, an approach based on regulation is appropriate when there are competition issues in the banking market. In that context, regulation is mandatory to open up the market so that TPPs and small financial institutions can access banks’ APIs with the consent of the data owner. This model responds to the problems of API consumption overload by the big banks with the largest volumes of data. These problems could worsen if such banks do not act on a reciprocal basis with smaller institutions. Centralised and hybrid models are examples of regulatory-driven approaches. The trust ecosystem model can also promote some regulation by defining the standards that participants in the financial sector must follow for the implementation of APIs. |
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