Applied Speech and Audio Processing: With matlab examples
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Applied Speech and Audio Processing With MATLAB Examples ( PDFDrive )
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Figure 4.4 Illustration of post-stimulatory masking in the time domain caused by a momentary loud sound. Thus, in general, a complex sound having components in more critical bands sounds louder than a complex sound with components in fewer critical bands [4]. 4.2.9 Co-modulation masking release Although the amount of masking relies upon noise power, modulated noise (even when randomly modulated), whose bandwidth extends across more than one critical band, induces less masking as its bandwidth increases [5]. This phenomenon indicates that any correlation between critical bands can be utilised by the auditory system to enhance its performance (in this case, to reduce the effect of masking noise). 4.2.10 Non-simultaneous masking Non-simultaneous or temporal masking can be subdivided into pre-stimulatory (back- ward) and post-stimulatory (forward) masking. In the former, masking effects occur before the onset of the masking tone, and in the latter, masking effects occur after the onset of the masking tone. Figure 4.4 provides an illustration of the effects of post- stimulatory masking. It plots the time domain waveform of some audio, and shows a masking region immediately following a loud sound, during which other sounds will not be audible. Pre-stimulatory masking is notoriously difficult to measure, as it is highly dependent on the subject, and also on any previous exposure the subject has had to the test sit- uation (which may cause the measurable effects to disappear completely) [4]. Normal practice in auditory testing is to ‘warm up’ with some dummy or calibration tests prior to the procedure beginning, which is not really possible when testing for pre-stimulatory masking. Effects may occur for signals lasting up to a few hundred milliseconds, and persist for a similar length of time, with the rate of recovery (rate of reduction of masking effect) being higher for louder sounds. The duration of the masking tone determines the degree of masking up to about 20 ms, where the dependency levels out, and obviously |
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