6. Security Analysis of the Hyperledger Fabric for National E-Voting
In this section, we present a security analysis of the BANES, which largely depends on the
Hyperledger Fabric (HF) as its blockchain infrastructure. Our goal is to assess the capabilities of
HF to secure the e-voting system in the circumstances of an attack. Some studies have shown that
the HF could outperform the Bitcoin and Ethereum architectures across all assessment benchmarks,
particularly in the areas of throughput and latency [
42
,
43
]. The HF is typically a distributed ledger
technology that does not include a cryptocurrency component by default, unlike Ethereum and
Bitcoin. This makes it adaptable to several enterprise applications that do not involve cryptocurrency
transactions, which reduces the security threat. However, national elections are high-stake ventures
for politicians in Africa, thus, the security and reliability of an e-voting system for elections will surely
be tested. By design, the BANES is bound to inherit the strengths and weaknesses of its underlining
components and technologies. Thus, securing an e-voting system will require a holistic strategy that
transcends the security features that are provided at the level of the Hyperledger Fabric alone [
44
].
Other network security measures, such as securing the network with firewall and password protection,
and securing the data storage are essential. In the sequel subsections, we shall present the possible
threats at various layers of the BANES and how the in-built features of the HF can mitigate them. Also,
we shall highlight additional security measures that would be required to secure the blockchain e-voting
system. The layers discussed in the context of the BANES are the Application Layer, Blockchain Layer
(containing the Smart Contract Layer, Consensus Layer, and Network Layer) and the Data Layer.
6.1. Attack on the Application Layer
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