onetime actions that lead to better long-term habits
: James Clear (@james_clear), “What are one-
time actions that pay off again and again in the future?” Twitter, February 11, 2018,
https://twitter.com/james_clear/status/962694722702790659
“Civilization advances by extending the number of operations”
: Alfred North Whitehead,
Introduction to Mathematics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1911), 166.
The average person spends over two hours per day on social media
: “GWI Social,”
GlobalWebIndex, 2017, Q3,
https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/304927/Downloads/GWI%20Social%20Summary%20Q3%20
2017.pdf
.
CHAPTER 15
over nine million people called it home
: “Population Size and Growth of Major Cities, 1998
Census,” Population Census Organization,
http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//tables/POPULATION%20SIZE%20AND%20GRO
WTH%20OF%20MAJOR%20CITIES.pdf
.
Over 60 percent of Karachi’s residents
: Sabiah Askari, Studies on Karachi: Papers Presented at
the Karachi Conference 2013 (Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2015).
It was this public health crisis that had brought Stephen Luby to Pakistan
: Atul Gawande, The
Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right (Gurgaon, India: Penguin Random House,
2014).
“In Pakistan, Safeguard was a premium soap”
: All quotes in this section are from an email
conversation with Stephen Luby on May 28, 2018.
The rate of diarrhea fell by 52 percent
: Stephen P. Luby et al., “Effect of Handwashing on Child
Health: A Randomised Controlled Trial,” Lancet 366, no. 9481 (2005), doi:10.1016/s0140–
6736(05)66912–7.
“Over 95 percent of households”
: Anna Bowen, Mubina Agboatwalla, Tracy Ayers, Timothy
Tobery, Maria Tariq, and Stephen P. Luby. “Sustained improvements in handwashing
indicators more than 5 years after a cluster‐randomised, community‐based trial of
handwashing promotion in Karachi, Pakistan,” Tropical Medicine & International Health 18,
no. 3 (2013): 259–267.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626884/
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