Authors: Hashim Orta Adaw
Download 452.34 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
coll. - Gaahmg Consonant & Vowel Book-Sudan Workshop Programme (2015)
|
Heavy and Light Vowels Heavy and Light Vowels
The words waa waa waa
waa ‘pond’ and waah waah
waah waah ‘shade, help’ have different vowel sounds. In waa waa waa
waa ‘pond’, the vowel aaaa is light (harf mutharrik xafiif). In waah waah waah
waah ‘shade, help’ the vowel ah ah ah ah is heavy (harf mutharrik tagiil).
There are 6 vowels in Gaahmg, as shown in the list below. Vowels
Light Heavy
A a Ah ah
E e I i
O o U u
The following words have the light vowel /aaaa/ or the heavy vowel /ah ah ah
these words. Listen to the difference in sound between the vowels /aaaa/ and /ah ah ah ah/.
A a A a A a
A a Ah ah
Ah ah Ah ah
Ah ah waa
pond waah
shade, help daar
eagle daahr
snake type kaal
house fence gaahl
shield nyaang
crocodile nyaahm
chin mas
spear, war mahl
straw yaam
bride saahm
hunter nams
food, eating nahnd
demon aal
calf fence, pen aahl
hyena aam
bone aahz
tree type talam
malnutrition gahmahl
forest
The following words have the light vowel /eeee/ or the heavy vowel /iiii/. E e
E e E e
E e IIII iiii wer look, watch wir slaughter, cut dheel collar bone jiil cricket
ceer singer
wiid breast
jeers hippo
ilj beeswax
eed eye
iig milk
eez water-carrying net fiid feather
eeny back
tiil tree type nyee drawing, colour mii goat
ree cotton, thread dii rat
weleny sour taste fidin perfume
- 14 -
The following words have the light vowel /oooo/ or the heavy vowel /uuuu/. O o
O o O o
O o U u
U u U u
U u moo
gunfire muu
face, forehead kool
snake type kuul
clan type member door
animal fence luung
water pot bool
ground crack duud
year kor
word, speech luny
boomerang dhodh
stork pur
flower ool
head uud
wasp kord
bird type uld
grinding stone lold
blemish on face culd
birth sack fodor
nose bungur
young person
Exercise 6 Carefully read and say the test words between the lines below. The bold bold bold
bold vowels in each test word may or may not be written correctly. Test the sound of the bold vowels by comparing them with the vowel sound in the words on the left and right. If the sound for the bold vowel is light as in the word on the left, write the word correctly with a light vowel. If the sound for the bold vowel is heavy as in the word on the right, write the word correctly with a heavy vowel. The first one has been done as an example.
Light
Test Word Heavy
Write correctly waa
pond raa
aa aa aawaaaa net waah
shade raahwah
waa pond
aaaazaaaa dog
waah shade
____________________ waa
pond taah
aah aah
aahz door
waah shade
____________________ waa
pond bah
ah ah ahrd lion waah
shade ____________________ waa pond
gaa aa aa aazg thief
waah shade
____________________ wer
look lii
iiii iil
grass wir
cut ____________________ wer look
feeeeg water
wir cut
____________________ wer
look mii
iiii iid
stone wir
cut ____________________ wer look
see ee ee eend guest
wir cut
____________________ moo
gunfire uuuungg
tear of eye muu
face ____________________ moo gunfire
ruuuunyd mud
muu face
____________________ moo
gunfire tuu
uu uu uu cow muu
face ____________________ moo gunfire
buu uu uu uul bread
muu face
____________________
Single and Doubled Vowels Single and Doubled Vowels Single and Doubled Vowels Single and Doubled Vowels - 15 -
The words mahl mahl
mahl mahl ‘straw’ and maahl maahl maahl
maahl ‘fighting’ have two different aaaahhhh sounds. The word mahl
mahl mahl
mahl has a short aaaahhhh sound. We call the aaaahhhh in mahl mahl
mahl mahl ‘straw’ a single vowel and write the ah ah
ah once. The word maahl maahl
maahl maahl has a long aa aa aa
aa aa aahhhh in maahl maahl maahl
maahl ‘fighting’ a doubled vowel and we write it twice or long as in aah aah aah
aah.
As shown below, vowels can be short or long at the beginning, middle or end of words. Single vowels Doubled vowels aaaa aaaaraad lake aa
aa aa
aare aare
aare aare
grass type
saaaaw shoe
saa
aa aa aaw grass cutter
celdaaaa charcoal
aldaa
aa aa aa earth, dust ah ah ah ah ah ah ah
ant type aah
aah aah
aah aah
aah aah
aahmaah liver
mah
ah ah ahl straw
maah aah
aah aahl
fighting
gahmah ah ah ah ant type
rimaah
aah aah
aah star
eeee eeeeg they (pron) ee ee
ee ee ee ee eed
eye
seeeen skin sickness
see
ee ee een ruler
maaseeee root type
masee
ee ee ee illness type iiii
iiiilj beeswax
ii iiii
ii ii iiii iig milk
ciiiil
instrument type
tii iiii
iil tree type
kuuriiii circle
siirii iiii
ii smudge
oooo oooony meat
oo oo oo oo oo oo oo ool
head
koooor word, speech
koo
oo oo ool snake type
maloooo beeswax
meloo
oo oo oo sugar cane uuuu uuuuld grinding stone uu uu uu uu
uu uu uu uud wasp
luuuuny
boomerang
luu uu uu uung water pot
gahyuuuu grass type
ahyuu uu uu uu tooth brush
Exercise 7 Carefully read and say the test words between the two lines below. The bold bold bold
bold vowels in each test word may or may not be written correctly. Test the sound of the bold letter by comparing it with the word on the left and right. If the sound for the bold vowel is short like in the word on the left, write the word correctly with a single vowel. If the sound for the bold vowel is long like in the word on the right, write the word correctly with a doubled vowel. The first one has been done as an example.
Single
Test words Doubled
Write correctly koooor
word, speech poooor
boat koo
oo oo ool snake type poo
oo oo oor koooor word, speech dhoooodh stork
koo oo oo ool snake type ___________________ luuuuny
boomerang buu
uu uu uul bread luu
uu uu uung water pot ___________________ saaaaw shoe
daal aal
aal aal
pot saa
aa aa aaw grass cutter ___________________ saaaaw shoe
baaaal cave
saa aa aa aaw grass cutter ___________________ saaaaw
shoe baaaard
abdomen saa
aa aa aaw grass cutter ___________________ - 16 - seeeen
skin sickness ceeeeld
broom see
ee ee een ruler ___________________ iiiilj beeswax
iil iil
iil iil
horn ii iiii iig milk
___________________ aaaaraad lake aa
aa aald
fox aare
aare aare
aare grass type ___________________ eeeeg
they (pron) ee ee ee eelg
stomach ee ee ee eed
eye ___________________ celdaaaa charcoal maa aa
aa house
aldaa aa aa aa earth, dust ___________________ seeeen
skin sickness peeeeram flag see
ee ee een ruler ___________________ seeeen skin sickness tee ee ee eefa leaf, sickness see ee
een ruler
___________________ koooor
word, speech foo
oo oo oodor nose koo
oo oo ool snake type ___________________ koooor word, speech boo oo oo oongma insect type koo oo
ool snake type ___________________ ciiiil
instrument type tiiiifaahng bird type tii
iiii iil
tree type ___________________ ciiiil instrument type fii iiii
iidin perfume
tii iiii
iil tree type ___________________ saaaaw
shoe baaaaland stripe saa
aa aa aaw grass cutter ___________________ mah ah
ahl straw
mah ah ah ahnimah vegetable type maah aah
aah aahl
fighting ___________________ seeeen skin sickness awee ee ee ees bird type see ee
een ruler
___________________ mah
ah ah ahl straw gahmaah
aah aah
aahl forest
maah aah
aah aahl
fighting ___________________ mah ah
ahl straw
bahzaah aah
aah aahl
business maah
aah aah
aahl fighting ___________________ koooor
word, speech maroo
oo oo oos spider koo
oo oo ool snake type ___________________ luuuuny boomerang buluuuurs bird type luu uu
uung water pot ___________________ luuuuny
boomerang bunguuuur young person luu
uu uu uung water pot ___________________ saaaaw shoe
jorgaaaal bird type saa aa
aaw grass cutter ___________________ aaaaraad lake aaaasa
basket type aare
aare aare
aare grass type ___________________ aaaaraad lake aaaaree
grass type aare
aare aare
aare grass type ___________________ ah ah ah ahmii
ant type aah
aah aah
aahmahng yawns
aah aah
aah aahmaah
liver ___________________ celdaaaa charcoal ordaa aa
aa army
aldaa aa aa aa earth, dust ___________________ maaseeee root type mofdee
ee ee ee snake type masee
ee ee ee illness type ___________________ gahmah
ah ah ah ant type gahmah
ah ah ah ant type rimaah
aah aah
aah star
___________________ gahmah
ah ah ah ant type ungurah
ah ah ah pumpkin rimaah
aah aah
aah star
___________________ kuuriiii circle kusumiiii knee siirii
iiii ii
smudge ___________________
Mixed Vowels Mixed Vowels Mixed Vowels Mixed Vowels
There are not usually both light and heavy vowels in the same word. In the following words, there are only the light light
light light vowels /aaaa/, /eeee/, /oooo/.
Light vowels together in the same word a, e
a, e a, e
a, e kaadel
bull - 17 - Spelling Rule 2 Spelling Rule 2 Spelling Rule 2 Spelling Rule 2: Only write the light vowels (harf mutharrik xafiif) a, e, o a, e, o
a, e, o a, e, o together in the same word. Only write the heavy vowels (harf mutharrik tagiil) ah, i, o ah, i, o
ah, i, o ah, i, o together in the same word. Light and heavy vowels are usually not mixed in the same word. a, a a, a
a, a a, a
talam malnutrition a, o a, o
a, o a, o
pajo star
e, e e, e
e, e e, e
weleny sour taste e, a e, a
e, a e, a
cedhan sickness type e, o e, o
e, o e, o
meloo sugar cane o, e o, e
o, e o, e
bored eye matter o, a o, a
o, a o, a
moraa governor o, o o, o
o, o o, o
fodor nose
In the following words, there are only the heavy heavy heavy
heavy vowels /ah ah ah ah/, ////iiii/, /uuuu/.
Heavy vowels together in the same word ah, i
ah, i ah, i
ah, i mahnyil
rainbow, spirit ah, ah
ah, ah ah, ah
ah, ah gahmahl
forest ah, u
ah, u ah, u
ah, u gahmur
dove i, i
i, i i, i
i, i fidin
perfume i, ah
i, ah i, ah
i, ah jilahb
water spring i, u
i, u i, u
i, u jiiguul
afternoon u, i
u, i u, i
u, i bulij
worm u, ah
u, ah u, ah
u, ah buusah
stone type u, u
u, u u, u
u, u bungur
young person
When two vowels are next to each other, we call it a vowel sequence. Light and heavy vowels are not mixed together in the following vowel sequences.
Heavy vowel sequences iah iah
iah iah diah iah iah
iahrmah centipede uah uah
uah uah buah uah uah
uah tree type
In summary, we have the following spelling rule. Exercise 8
Carefully read and say each test word below. The vowels of each test word may or may not be written correctly. Write the word correctly in the space given. The first one is done as an example.
Test Word Write correctly Test Word Write correctly celdah charcoal celda jorgaal
bird type ___________________ gayu grass type ___________________ iyah
oil, fat ___________________ - 18 - aaree
grass type ___________________ peerahm flag
___________________ kozil
baboon ___________________ orii ostrich
___________________ guad
excrement ___________________ kua foam, bubbles ___________________ maruus
spider ___________________ gamiil tree type ___________________ bunyja
developed, finished ___________________ leeroo reed
___________________
Write
Write Write
Write w w w w, , ,
, yyyy, i , i
, i , i after vowels after vowels after vowels after vowels
In this lesson, we learn when to write the consonant w w w w instead of the vowel oooo or uuuu. We learn when to write the consonant y y y
Download 452.34 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
|