Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England

CHAP. XXVI. Of the death of the Kings Egfrid and Hiothere. [684-685 A. D.]
IN the year of our Lord 684, Egfrid, king of the Northumbrians, sending his general, Berct,with
an army into Ireland, miserably laid waste that unoffending nation, which had always been most
friendly to the English; insomuch that the invading force spared not even the churches or monasteries.
But the islanders, while to the utmost of their power they repelled force with force, implored the
assistance of the Divine mercy, and with constant imprecations invoked the vengeance of Heaven;
and though such as curse cannot inherit the kingdom of God, yet it was believed, that those who
were justly cursed on account of their impiety, soon suffered the penalty of their guilt at the avenging
hand of God. For the very next year, when that same king had rashly led his army to ravage the
province of the Picts,greatly against the advice of his friends, and particularly of Cuthbert,of blessed
memory, who had been lately ordained bishop, the enemy made a feigned retreat, and the king was
drawn into a narrow pass among remote mountains, and slain, with the greater part of the forces
he had led thither, on the 20th of May, in the fortieth year of his age, and the fifteenth of his reign.His
friends, as has been said, advised him not to engage in this war; but since he had the year before
refused to listen to the most reverend father, Egbert, advising him not to attack the Scots, who were
doing him no harm, it was laid upon him as a punishment for his sin, that he should now not listen
to those who would have prevented his death.
From that time the hopes and strength of the Anglian kingdom began to ebb and fall away for
the Picts recovered their own lands, which had been held by the English, and so did also the Scots
that were in Britain; and some of the Britonsregained their liberty, which they have now enjoyed
for about forty-six years. Among the many English that then either fell by the sword, or were made
slaves, or escaped by flight out of the country of the Picts, the most reverend man of God, Trumwine,
who had been made bishop over them, withdrew with his people that were in the monastery of
Aebbercurnig,in the country of the English, but close by the arm of the sea which is the boundary
between the lands of the English and the Picts. Having commended his followers, wheresoever he
could, to his friends in the monasteries, he chose his own place of abode in the monastery, which
we have so often mentioned, of servants and handmaids of God, at Streanaeshalch; and there for
many years, with a few of his own brethren, he led a life in all monastic austerity, not only to his
own benefit, but to the benefit of many others, and dying there, he was buried in the church of the
blessed Peter the Apostle, with the honour due to his life and rank. The royal virgin, Elfled, with
her mother, Eanfled, whom we have mentioned before, then presided over that monastery; but when
the bishop came thither, that devout teacher found in him the greatest help in governing, and comfort
in her private life. Aldfrid succeeded Egfrid in the throne, being a man most learned in the Scriptures,
said to be brother to Egfrid, and son to King Oswy; he nobly retrieved the ruined state of the
kingdom, though within narrower bounds.
141
The Venerable Bede
Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England

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The same year, being the 685th from the Incarnation of our Lord, Hlothere,king of Kent, died
on the 6th of February, when he had reigned twelve years after his brother Egbert,who had reigned
nine years: he was wounded in battle with the South Saxons, whom Edric, the son of Egbert, had
raised against him, and died whilst his wound was being dressed. After him, this same Edric reigned
a year and a half. On his death, kings of doubtful title, or of foreign origin, for some time wasted
the kingdom, till the lawful king, Wictred, the son of Egbert, being settled in the throne, by his
piety and zeal delivered his nation from foreign invasion.