Bob. Fuqaro va sanoat bino hamda inshootlari haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar

M U N D A R I J A
BOB. FUQARO VA SANOAT BINO HAMDA INSHOOTLARI
HAQIDA UMUMIY MA’LUMOTLAR
1.1. Bino va inshootlar ta'rifi........................................................................6
1.2. Binolarning tuzilishi...............................................................................6
1.3. Binolarga qo'yiladigan asosiy talablar.....................................................6
1.4. Binolarga ta’sir qiladigan tashqi ta’sirlar...............................................7
1.5. Bino va inshootlar sinflari....................................................................11
1.6. Binoning konstruktiv elementlari.........................................................13
II BOB. BINO VA INSHOOTLARNI LOYIHALASHDA HAYOTIY
FAOLIYAT XAVFSIZLIGI
2.1. Bino va inshootlami loyihalashda hayotiy faoliyat masalalari............ 17
2.2. Binoga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan omillar.............................................21
2.3. Respublikadagi hayot faoliyati xavfsizligi m uammolari........................... 24
2.4. Uylami shovqindan himoya qilish usullari...........................................27
III BOB. BINO VA INSHOOTLAR KONSTRUKSIYALARINI
LOYIHALASH
3.1. Bino va inshootlami loyihalash texnologiyasi...................................... 30
3.2. Binoning konstruktiv yechimlari..........................................................31
3.3. Loyihalashda konstruksiya ashyolariga qo‘yilgan talablar....................33
3.4. Qurilish konstruksiyalariga qo‘yiladigan talablar................................. 35
3.5. Qurilishni industrlashtirish...................................................................36
3.6. Bino va konstruksiyalar sifatini nazorat qilish.................................... 39
IV BOB. BINO VA INSHOOTLARNING POYDEVORLARI
4.1. Poydevorlarning asosiy xususiyatlari....................................................44
4.2. Poydevor turlari va ulami loyihalash....................................................45
4.3. Poydevorlarni hisoblash va o‘matish....................................................56
4.4. Binolarga ta’sir etayotgan yuklar va binoning yerosti qismini
loyihalash............................................................................................. 58
V BOB. BINO VA INSHOOTLARNING ASOSIY YUK
KO‘TARUVCHI KONSTRUKSIYALARI

5.1. Devorlar va ularga qo’yiladigan talablar........................................................60

5.2. Konstruktiv eiementlar va alohida tayanchlar..............................................62
5.3. Loyihalash va konstruktiv yechim qabul qilishda yong'in
xavfsizligini ta’m inlash........................................................................................ 65
5.4. Pollar, zinalar va liftlarning konstruktiv elementlari..................................68
5.5. Deraza va eshiklar................................................................................................. 70
VI BOB. BINO VA INSHOOTLARNING USTYOPMA
KONSTRUKSIYALARI
6.1. Ustyopma plitalar.................................................................................................. 73
6.2. Ustyopma to'sinlari...............................................................................................75
6.3. Fermalar, struktura va vant konstruksiyalari............................................... 75
6.4. Arkalar....................................................................................................................... 77
6.5. Yupqa devorli fazoviy ustyopmalar, qobiqlar..............................................79
VII BOB. MAHALLIY XOMASHYOLARDAN QURILADIGAN
BINOLAR KONSTRUKSIYALARI
7.1. G'ishtli devorlar konstmksiyasi........................................................................83
7.2. Mayda blok va tabiiy toshdan terilgan devorlar..........................................87
7.3 Sinchli yog'och konstruksiyalar......................................................................... 89
7.4. Mahalliy usulda qurilgan sinchli va paxsa devorli binolar...................... 90
7.5. Respublikamizning noyob binolari...................................................................92
VIIIBOB. BETON, TEMIR-BETON KONSTRUKSIYALARI
8.1. Beton, temir-beton to ‘g‘risidagi umumiy m a’lum otlar............................ 98
8.2. Temir-beton konstruksiyalariga quruq va issiq iqlimning ta’siri........ 103
8.3. Beton va temiming mexanik xossalari........................................................ 105
8.4. Temir-beton konstruksiyalarining asosiy xossalari................................. 109
IX BOB. METALL KONSTRUKSIYALARNI LOYIHALASH
9.1. Qurilishda ishlatiladigan metallaming xossalari va sortamenti........... 112
9.2. Metall konstruksiyalami hisoblash................................................................ 119
9.3. Metall konstruksiyalarning xususiyatlari.....................................................122
X BOB. YOG‘OCH KONSTRUKSIYALAR
10.1. Yog‘och konstruksiyalarining turlari.......................................................... 125
10.2. Yog'ochning mexanik tarkibiga turli omillaming ta’siri..................... 130
10.3. Yog'och konstruksiyalarini chirishdan va yong'indan himoya qilish... 132
10.4. Yog'och konstruksiyalarining afzalliklari va kamchiliklari..................134
10.5. Yog'och konstruksiyalarini hisoblash......................................................... 134
10.6. Yog'och konstruksiyalardan qurilishda foydalanish..............................136
XI BOB. SANOAT VA MUHANDISLIK INSHOOTLARI
11.1. Bir qavatli sanoat binolari.............................................................................. 142
11.2. Ko'p qavatli sinchli b inolar.......................................................................... 143
11.3. Ko'priklar........................................................................................................... 145
11.4. Metropolitan......................................................................................................148
11.4.1. Metroplitenni loyihalash.............................................................................. 149
11.4.2. Metropoliten bekatlari.................................................................................. 149
1.5. Turli muhandislik inshootlari...................................................................... 152
XII BOB. KONSTRUKSIYALARNI HISOBLASHDA KOMPYUTER
TEXNOLOGIYASI
12.1. Yuklar va ta’sirlar.............................................................................................155
12.2. Konstruksiyalaming chegaraviy holatlari..................................................156
12.3. Temir-betonning qarshilik nazariyasi h aqid a......................................... 157
12.4. Siqilish va cho'zilishda elementlaming mustahkamligini hisoblash 158
12.5. Egilishda temir-betonning mustahkamligi va bikrligi........................... 161
12.6. Konstruksiyalami loyihalashda va hisoblashda kompyuter
texnologiyasi.....................................................................................................162
12.6.1. Loyihalashni avtomatlashtirish..................................................................162
12.6.2. Ramalami loyihalashni avtomatlashtirish..............................................163
12.6.3. Murakkab konstruksiyalami kompyuter texnologiyasida........................
hisoblash va loyihalash................................................................................ 168
12.6.4. Murakkab konstruksiyalami ShEHM va KROUSS dasturida
hisoblash texnologiyasi................................................................................ 170
XIIIBOB. BINO VA INSHOOTLAR KONSTRUKSIYALARINI
OPTIMAL LOYIHALASH
13.1. Optimallashtirish m asalalari.........................................................................175
13.2. Optimallashtirishdan m aqsad...................................................................... 176

13.3. Optimallashtirish masalasini yechish ......................................................... 176

13.3.1. Optimallashtirish texnologiyasi................................................................. 176
13.3.2. Masalaning mezonini tanlash..................................................................... 178
13.3.3. Masalaning cheklov — D shartlarini aniqlash....................................... 179
13.3.4. Masalani matematik modellashtirish va yech ish ................................. 179
13.4...Optimal masalalami yechish u su li.............................................................. 182
13.5. Konstruksiyalarni optimal loyihalash......................................................... 183
13.5.1. Egiluvchi sterjenning optimal parametrlarini hisoblash
(blok 2 ) ............................................................................................................. 184
13.5.2. Siqiluvchi sterjenning optimal yechimini aniqlash (blok 3 )...................... 186
13.5.3. Statik noaniq ramalaming optimal yechimini aniqlash (blok 4 )................ 187
13.6. Konstruksiyalarni ko'pmezonli (vektorli) optimallashtirish
masalalarining yech ilish i.............................................................................. 189
13.6.1. Konstruksiyalarning optimal o'lchamlarini topadigan
«POISK» kompyuter dasturi................................................................... 194
XIV BOB. BINO VA INSHOOTLARNING
ZILZILABARDOSHLIGINI TA’MINLASH
14.1...Zilzilaviy hududlardagi qurilishlar.............................................................. 198
14.2. Binolaming zilzilabardoshligi. Hajmiy rejalashtirish va konstruktiv
yechimlar xususiyatlari................................................................................... 200
14.3. Zilzila oqibatlari.................................................................................................201
14.4. Seysmik mustahkam binolarni loyihalash .................................................204
14.4.1. Seysmomustahkam binolarni loyihalashning
umumiy qoidalari........................................................................................ 204
14.4.2. G'isht devorli binolar................................................................................... 207
14.4.3. Yirik blokli binolar........................................................................................ 210
14.4.4. Yirik panelli b inolar......................................................................................211
14.4.5. Karkasli (sinchli) binolar............................................................................. 212
XV BOB. BINO VA INSHOOTLARNI TEXNIK HAMDA IQTISODIY
BAHOLASH
15.1. Ko'chmas mulkni baholash tamoyillari..................................................... 216
15.2. Bino va inshootlarning texnik holatini baholash....................................221
15.3. Ko'chmas mulkni baholashda harajatli yondoshuv............................... 225
15.4. Imoratlami baholashda sotuvlami qiyoslash yondoshuvi...................227
15.5. Iqtisodiy baholashda bozor, daromadli yondoshuv..............................228
15.6. Imoratni baholashda ekologiya-muhit ta’sirini inobatga olish..........230

Ilo v a .................................................................................................................................... 232