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1994 Book DidacticsOfMathematicsAsAScien
mathematical thinking concentrates on the organization of knowledge and
mathematical thinking processes in individual learners and presents a vari- ety of methodological approaches to mathematical thinking and cognitive processes. Chapter 6 on differential didactics presents an analysis of the ac- cessibility of mathematics for specific subgroups of the population. It stud- ies the impact of teaching and learning mathematics on these subpopula- tions. Chapter 7 on history and epistemology of mathematics and mathemat- ics education comprises research and reflection about mathematics from dif- ferent perspectives: philosophical, epistemological, historical, and cultural, and their relevance and impact on mathematics education. Chapter 8 on cultural framing of teaching and learning mathematics analyzes constraints PREFACE 4 PREFACE and cultural influences, the actual and possible scientific, political, and cul- tural powers that have a deep influence on the teaching/learning process. This provides more depth on a topic relevant to preparing mathematics for students, because it is not taught in a vacuum, but in a social context that cannot be overlooked in a scientific analysis of this process. Although mathematics educators cannot control these factors to any large extent, they have to be aware of them. The mathematics to be taught is not viewed as a free-floating knowledge that is easy to digest for the learner, but as some- thing that is socially shaped. An analysis of political and social boundaries of mathematics education is offered. The classification into chapters is not intended as a disjunctive partition of the field. Inevitably, the reader will find mutual overlaps, some subdisci- plines will lie nearer or further away from each other, and they will be linked in different ways. Obviously, the topics presented in these chapters touch upon a variety of different neighboring sciences. Primary links to spe- cific sciences can be identified by relating chapter 1 on preparing mathe- matics for students to mathematics; chapter 2 on teacher education and re- search on teaching and chapter 3 on interaction in the classroom to social science and pedagogy. Chapter 5 on psychology of mathematical thinking draws heavily upon cognitive psychology, and chapters 7 on history and epistemology, and 8 on cultural framing of teaching and learning mathe- matics are tied in with sociology, history, and philosophy. From the reason- ing as a whole, it should be clear that these disciplinary links are in no way exclusive; all these fields of research are closely linked to mathematics. Aspects of mathematics education are also being analyzed in a multitude of other disciplines, such as educational science, psychology, epistemology, and the history of mathematics. Didactics of mathematics can draw upon these various disciplines, and, consequently, a variety of methodological approaches can be considered to be adequate methods. Taken as the sci- entific endeavor to describe and analyze the teaching and learning of mathe- matics, didactics of mathematics has to organize its own approach to the problem and exploit the knowledge available in neighboring disciplines. The systematic self-reflection of didactics of mathematics is a necessary el- ement of its further development. Hans-Georg Steiner founded the interna- tional working group of "Theories of Mathematics Education (TME)" in Adelaide in 1984 in order to promote such research, and he continues to be a major supporter of such a systematic view on didactics of mathematics as a scientific discipline. This intellectual context contributed to the genesis of this book. 5 GENESIS OF THIS BOOK The birth of every book has its occasion, its reasons, and its history. The oc- casion for this book is two anniversaries: 20 years of work at the Institut für Didaktik der Mathematik (IDM), Bielefeld University, and Professor Hans- PREFACE Georg Steiner's 65th birthday on November 21, 1993. The rise of didactics of mathematics as a scientific discipline has been fostered through exem- plary scientific work, through reflections on the status of the discipline, and through organizational, institutional, and promotional work. This develop- ment has been closely connected both with the work and the activities of Hans-Georg Steiner and the work of the IDM. It was the editors' desire to commemorate these two events by presenting the object of Hans-Georg Steiner's work and the IDM's field of research by showing the process of doing scientific work in actu. We wanted not only to demonstrate the level reached and the maturity gained but also to indicate questions that are still open and tasks that need be solved in the future. Both Professor Steiner and the IDM may be honored by showing that the object of their promotion is alive and well in both its international connections and its disciplinary di- versions. Let us take a brief look at the history of the IDM. The idea of setting up an IDM as a national center was born in the mid-1960s. As in many other countries, research on mathematics education and thus knowledge about this object was seen as underdeveloped and ill-reputed at universities. This was why the Volkswagen foundation decided to promote the development of di- dactics of mathematics as a scientific discipline by funding a central insti- tute. The main tasks of this institute were (a) to promote the contruction of curricula through research and development; (b) to develop a theoretical framework for research in didactics of mathematics in interdisciplinary col- laboration with mathematics and other related disciplines; (c) to educate sci- entific successors; and (d) to build up an international center for documen- tation and communication. The IDM was founded in 1973. Together with Hans-Georg Steiner, Heinrich Bauersfeld and Michael Otte were appointed as professors and directors of the IDM. The status of the IDM as a scientific institute at the university was not undisputed during its existence. The biggest crisis came in 1991, when it was questioned whether a single uni- versity still has the resources to support a central institute like the IDM. However, the institute received so much national and international support that the university decided to confirm the institutionalization of the IDM and continue to support it for at least another 8 years, that is, until the year 2000. Clearly, the differentiation of the theoretical framework of didactics of mathematics, the diversification of methods used and of the objects of inter- est in the international discussion, and the research work done at the IDM is reflected in the structure of this book. In some respects, the increasing dif- ferentiation of the body of knowledge available in didactics of mathematics has opened up more general and fundamental perspectives for future re- search on mathematics education at the IDM. Perhaps this perspective is re- flected by the central questions in the IDM guidelines for research during 6 PREFACE the current period: How do people acquire mathematics? How does it affect their thinking, their work, and their view of the world? Professor Steiner accompanied and guided the IDM from its very begin- ning. All four editors have been cooperating with Hans-Georg Steiner in a continuous working group that stretches back for more than 15 years. We have all benefited very much from his personal friendship and his generous support. His interests and influence have not been confined to work in this group. He did not join the other members in their trend toward definite spe- cialization and always looked at the whole of didactics of mathematics, which he promoted continuously, for instance, by organizing and structuring international meetings such as the Third International Conference on Mathematics Education (ICME3) in Karlsruhe, 1976, as well as many bilat- eral symposia, and founding and leading TME, the international working group on Theories of Mathematics Education. Hans-Georg Steiner is one of the rare persons who possesses an overview of a whole discipline that has developed parallel to his own research and Download 5.72 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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