Presentation

The Tashkent Medical Academy

The treatment faculties

PRESENTATION

Theme: The influence of Coronavirus to the human organism

Student: Sadullayeva Xolniso

2021 year

Coronaviruses can cause a wide range of illnesses, including the common cold and COVID-19. These typically affect the respiratory system, but they can affect other systems, too.

Coronaviruses are present in many species, including camels and bats. Some of these viruses can infect humans, and some of the illnesses that they cause can be deadly.

A person might have a higher risk of developing severe symptoms if they are older, have a weakened immune system, or have another health condition.

In humans, coronaviruses can cause the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

A coronavirus also causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). This illness results from an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is responsible for an ongoing pandemic and more than 2 million deaths so far.

Below, we explore how coronaviruses affect the body and take a close look at specific illnesses, including COVID-19.

Stay informed with live updates on the current COVID-19 outbreak and visit our coronavirus hub for more advice on prevention and treatment.

General effects of coronaviruses

Viruses work by hijacking cells. They enter host cells and reproduce, then spread to new cells throughout the body.

As pathogens that the body does not recognize, viruses trigger an immune response. This can cause inflammation and other effects.

Coronaviruses are large, single-strandedTrusted Source RNA viruses with crown-like protein spikes on their surfaces. These spikes help them attach to and enter cells.

Coronaviruses spread among people through droplets from coughs, sneezes, or breathing. The droplets may land on another person on an item such as a door handle. If someone else touches the handle, the virus may pass on to them if they touch their mouth, nose, or eyes.

Once inside the body, coronaviruses mostly affect the respiratory system, including the nose and lungs. However, some viruses and the immune reaction they trigger can have a wider impact. After exposure to SARS-CoV-2, a person is at risk of developing COVID-19. Someone with the infection may or may not have symptoms.

Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 appears to pass from person to person through respiratory droplets. Once inside the body, it primarily affects the lungs.

In 2–14 daysTrusted Source, the following symptoms may develop:

a persistent cough

shortness of breath

pain and tightening in the chest

a fever

fatigue

a loss of the senses of taste and smell

Around 80% of people with COVID-19 recover without needing specialist treatment, often in about 2 weeks. These people may experience mild flu-like symptoms.

But in others, COVID-19 has a severe impact on the lungs, leading to:

difficulty breathing

low levels of oxygen in the blood

lung injuries

Pneumonia

pulmonary edema

Experts do not yet know precisely how the virus affects cells in the lungs. However, it seems clear that the body’s immune reaction, the impact of the virus on cells, and the lack of oxygen can each have life threatening consequences.

People who require hospital care often need help breathing, which may involve intubation and mechanical ventilation. This, too, can increase the risk of lung injuries.

In addition, having COVID-19 can increase the risk of damage to the:

-blood

-kidneys

-nervous system and brain

-cardiovascular system

-gastrointestinal system

Some people have mild symptoms initially but go on to experience health problems for weeks or months.

Persistent symptoms can include:

fatigue

shortness of breath

a cough

joint pain

chest pain

a headache

muscle pain

a fever that comes and goes

The symptoms mainly involve the upper respiratory tract and can include:

-nasal congestion

-a runny nose

-sneezing

-a temporary reduction in the sense of taste and smell

-a sore throat

-a cough

The symptoms of a cold are not usually severe and tend to pass in about 7 days. However, they can linger for weeks. Also, complications can arise, such as:

-acute bronchitis

-sinus infections

-ear infections

-a cough that lingers

People with asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis may have a higher risk of symptoms and complications.

Anyone with cold symptoms that are persistent or occur with a fever, ear pain, or sinus pain should receive medical attention..