Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
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- PP‐64 BIOMARKERS IN PRECAMBRIAN KARELIAN SHUNGITES Shanina S.N., Golubev Ye.A., Burdelnaya N.S.
- PP‐65 MICROFOSSILS OF BACTERIAL, MUSHROOM AND ALGAL NATURE IN EARLY PROTEROZOIC OF AROUND THE BAIKAL SIBERIA (UDOKAN RIDGE AND PRISAYAN’E)
- PP‐66 BIOSTRUCTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF FILAMENTOUS FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH BIVALVES IN THE RUSSIAN WATERS OF THE SEA OF JAPAN Zvereva L.V., Borzykh O.G.
- List of participants Abramson Natalia Iosifovna Zoological Institute RAS Sankt‐Petersburg, Russia E‐mail
- Afanasieva Marina Spartakovna Borissiak Palaeontological Institute RAS Moscow, Russia Tel.
- Tel.
PP‐63 for almost all discs. Radial units look like fine straight bands along the fossils; they are sometimes combined and spread out to form root‐like appendages. Concentric units resemble thin or wide strips bounded by fine circular bands; elastic membranes which separated the adjacent areas of different pressure seem to be the structural element in this case. It is clear that a configuration of the attachment disc depends on the disposition of structural units and on the type of the growth. For example, if the concentric membranes dominate the construction the attachment becomes similar to disc more or less flattened; the prevailing radial units, on the other hand, look like root‐like outgrowths (A. Seilacher (2001) described the two similar morphospaces of concretions such as Liesegang rings and dendrites). Besides of the two morphospaces, quite a number of intermediate forms may be expected. What can we see in fossils? There are common and easily diagnosed morphotypes of Vendian attachment structures: discoidal cyclic forms; flattened forms (e.g. Ediacaria); conical forms with radial outgrowths arranged both in chaotic (e.g. Hiemalora from Siberia) and in regular cyclic (e.g. Eoporpita) patterns; composite forms exhibiting a combination of some features of the above three morphotypes (e.g. Palaeophragmodictya and others) (Serezhnikova, 2007, 2010). These morphotypes are not restricted to certain systematic groups, but rather ethological and ecological categories ― that is, they reflect different manners of attachment to or within the substrate. Let's place some morphotypes of attachments in the matrix with the discoidal forms along the horizontal axis and radial forms along the vertical one. It is two lines of "pure" forms. The arrangement of the objects should be in hierarchical order, for example, an object of the lower level can be transformed into the higher level etc. So the following pattern is expected in the line of radial forms: small discs with outgrowths lying in the plane, with outgrowths going through the sediment and spreading out and eventually branching out. The line of discoidal begins from irregular concentric forms and then ascends to regular zonal ones. Such a pattern for cyclic forms is suggested by M.A. Fedonkin (1985) and Yu.A. Gureev (1987). The members of mean matrix points can be selected according to basic features of some attachment discs. As a result of these simple operations, we have a table (matrix) with a number of cells arranged hierarchically. According to the data table, the most simple and uniform discs occur in the late Neoproterozoic sediments of Newfoundland, Canada, the "middle" forms are from the Yudomian of Arctic Siberia and the most complex attachment discs occur in the fossil assemblages from the Ediacaran of Australia and from the Vendian of the White Sea. 245 PP‐63 246 Thus there are some morphogenetic (?) trends which can be detected in the development of attachment discs of Ediacaran (Vendian) sessile benthic organisms. In general terms they are similar to those of root system in plants although the disc‐bearing Petalonama are often thought to be of cnidarian grade (e.g. Jenkins & Gehling, 1978). Further research on the basis of the above model could improve the use of attachment discs for biostratigraphy. This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, projects no. 11‐05‐00960, the Scientific School of Academicians B.S. Sokolov and M.A. Fedonkin, project no. NSH‐64541.2010.5 and the Program N P‐15 of the Presidium of RAS. PP‐64 BIOMARKERS IN PRECAMBRIAN KARELIAN SHUNGITES Shanina S.N., Golubev Ye.A., Burdelnaya N.S. Institute of Geology, 54, Pervomaiskaya st., 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia The results of elemental analysis, composition of normal and iso‐alkanes, polycyclic hydrocarbon biomarkers in Karelian shungite rocks with various content of organic carbon and PT‐conditions of organic substance formation are presented. Earlier similar researches were carried out basically for low‐carbon shungite rocks (Сorg < 35 %) [1‐3]. Thus, bitumoid’s from high‐carbon shungites (Сorg > 60 %), owing to their low concentrations, were studied only by magnetic resonance and infrared spectrometry [4]. It was established, that distribution of n‐alkanes differs for various types of deposits. For example bimodal distribution of n‐alkanes with C 17 ‐C 19 and C 21 ‐C 23 maximum was fixed for the higher anthraxolite from Shunga deposit. Similar distribution was established in lidite, shungite rock with lower organic carbon content (3 %) where dominated С 17 and С 21 n‐ alkanes. Obtained data confirm a similarity source of organic substance in various types of shungite rocks within the Shunga deposit [4, 5]. In samples from Zazhogino and Chebolaksha deposits domination of С 21 ‐С 23 n‐alkanes was not established. It is connected with accumulation of small molecular weight n‐alkanes during thermal destruction of their high‐molecular homologs, since the temperatures influenced on organic substance of Zazhogino and Chebolaksha deposits, were considerably greater, than in Shunga deposit. The low contents of iso‐alkanes in the higher anthraxolites were observed. The (Pr+Ph)/(n‐C 17 +n‐C 18 ) coefficient is about 0.5 in the higher anthraxolites, and in III‐type of shungite it increased up to 1. The iso‐alkanes content increase in comparison with normal alkanes also confirm to a high thermal degree of shungite carbon from Zazhogino and Chebolaksha deposits and/or theirs bacterial oxidation. The results of alkanes researches indicate a significant change of initial hydrocarbon composition under heating. It does not allow using their distribution for determine of shungite substance source. Among polycyclic biomarkers steranes and hopanes were identified [5]. It was established, that biomarkers composition of organic substance in various types of shungite is 247 PP‐64 248 characteristic for marine organic matter (phytoplankton and cyanobacteriae) accumulated under shallow conditions mainly in reducing facial environment. This research was funded partially by The Programs of Presidium of the Russian Academy of Science (n. 15). References [1]. Mishunina Z. A., Korsakova A.G. Geochemistry of kerogene from Proterozoic graphitic and shungite slates and carbonates of south Karelia // Sovietskaya Geologiya, 1977. № 3. P. 40–54. [2]. Bondar E.V., Klesment I.R., Kuuzik M.G. Investigation of structure and genesis of shungite // Shale oils. 1987. № 4. Р. 377–393. [3]. Mycke B., Michaelis W., Degens E.T. Biomarkers in sedimentary sulfides of Precambrian age // Organic Geochemistry. 1987. № 13. P. 619–625. [4]. Solov’eva A.B., Rozhkova N.N., Glagolev N.N., Zaichenko N.L. Analysis of the Composition of Bitumoid Organic Matter Extracted from Shungite Rocks // Geochemistry International. 2000. V. 38 № 6. P.685–688 [5]. Shanina S.N., Burdelnaya N.S., Golubev Ye.A. Biomarkers in shungite rocks of Karelia // Proceedings of III Russian conference “Organic mineralogy”. Syktyvkar. 2009. P.149–152. PP‐65 MICROFOSSILS OF BACTERIAL, MUSHROOM AND ALGAL NATURE IN EARLY PROTEROZOIC OF AROUND THE BAIKAL SIBERIA (UDOKAN RIDGE AND PRISAYAN’E) Stanevich A.M.*, Postnikov A.A.**, Terleev A.A.**, Kornilova T.A.*, Popov N.V.** *Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Lermontov Str, 128, Irkutsk 664033, Russia; e‐mail: stan@crust.irk.ru ; **Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Koptyug Ave 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; fax: +73833332301; e‐mail: postnikovaa@ipgg.nsc.ru Finds of eucaryotic nature fossils are rare in Early Proterozoic. The nature of microfossils this time is often ambiguous. It is connected with replacement of organisms by authigenic or diagenetic minerals and coalification under influence of a heat at metamorphism. Microfossils, received by us, show a different degree of safety and a variety of sea organisms 2 billion years ago. All samples are processed by acids for extraction organogenic fractions. Sterility of a material was provided with preliminary dissolution and the subsequent washing. Naminga formation of Udokan complex of Udokan ridge consists of grey sandstones and dark grey aleurolites. Radiochronological data from granites and diabases which are breaking through Udokan complex, show an age interval 1,8‐2,0 billion years. Carbonaceous microfossils have been received at dissolution of aleurolites. Fine forms (3‐ 20 m) have been define, how the remains of chemolithotrophic bacteria and their colonies. Existence of eucaryotic algae has been assumed because of a find acritarch Leiosphaeridia cf. L. crassa (Naum.). 50 thin sections are studied. Arkose aleurolites and aleuro‐argillites have been certain. Ilmenomagnetite, neogenic hematite‐goethite and leucoxene clots contain in cement of rock. Similar trichomes microfossils are present at the majority studied thin sections. More than 30 "filaments" have been found. Their width is 15‐20 m, less often 10‐ 15 and 25‐30 m. Their length changes from 50 up to 500 m, on the average 120 m. Trichomes were kept in the form of silhouettes. Their contours are executed by hydrooxides of iron and sustained enough on length. Internal parts of "filaments" are filled of leucoxene. They are sometimes deformed and bended by clasts of quartz and feldspar. Taxonomic definition of trichomes is based on the sizes of forms. Their part corresponds to diagnosis Botuobia Pjat. because of the sizes 10‐30 m and 50‐500 m. More thin "filaments" have been certain as Leiotrichoides Herm. and Eomycetopsis Schopf. It is supposed, that these remains have been taken down from coastal sites of development of stromatolites. 249 PP‐65 250 Sections of Daldarma formation are in Urik‐Iya graben of Prisayan’e zone of the south of Siberian craton. The composition of formation includes dark rocks from gravelites up to aleuro‐argillites, limestones, tuffstones and volcanic rocks of the basic and acid compositions. Rocks were generated in basin of an island arch. Carbonaceous deposit with sulfides, most likely, have been formed in the bent zones of paleobasin with a stagnant environment. Granites, breaking through Daldarma formation, have age 1,86 billion years (Levitskii et al., 2002). 8 samples of dark aleuro‐argillites and 1 sample of dark limestone have been dissolved. The material was studied also in thin sections. Bavlinella (?) Schep., Eosynechococcus (?) sp., E. cf. giganteus Gol. et Bel., Germinosphaera (?) Mikh., Leiosphaeridia cf. crassa (Naum.) em. Jank., L. cf. minutissima (Naum.), em. Jank., Majasphaeridium (?) Herm., Octoedrixium (?) sp., Polysphaeroides (?) sp., Protosphaeridium div. sp. and fragments of carbonaceous films have been certain. Numerous (up to 1000 in one preparation) fragments of carbonaceous "filaments" in the length from 10 up to 800 m are prominent feature of a material. It is supposed, that algae had a benthic way of life on shoaliness and have been taken down in rather fondo and stagnant zone of paleobasin. Fine spherical forms (Bavlinella (?) Schep., Protosphaeridium div. sp.) are preliminary compared with benthos of chemolithotrophic bacteria, usual for stagnant zones of basins. Dark forms, round or the pear‐shaped form with growths, or some forms in accretions are met in different samples. They can be compared to association of forms from phosphate black slates of the Early Proterozoic Zhdanov formation on the Kola peninsula (Ahmedov et al., 2000) through conformity of morphotypes, preservation of volume and sizes. Forms of the Zhdanov formation have been compared to reproductive and vegetative organs of the lowest mushrooms lived in deposits of a stagnant zone of marginal paleobasin. [1]. Ahmedov A.B., Belova M.J., Krupenik V.A., Sidorova I.N. Mikrofossils of the mushroom nature from black slates of Paleoproterozoic of the Pechengskii complex (Kola peninsula) // Doklady the Russian Academy of Science, 2000. V. 372. № 5. P. 646‐649. (in Russian). [2]. Levitskii V.I., Mel'nikov A.I., Reznitskii L.Z., Bibikova E.V., Kirnozova T.I., Kozakov I.K., Makarov V.A., and Plotkina Yu.V. Early Proterozoic postcollisional granitoids in southwestern Siberion craton // Russian geology and geophysics, 2002. V. 43, N 8, P. 717‐731. PP‐66 BIOSTRUCTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF FILAMENTOUS FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH BIVALVES IN THE RUSSIAN WATERS OF THE SEA OF JAPAN Zvereva L.V., Borzykh O.G. A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia e‐mail: zvereva_lv@mail.ru Filamentous fungi associated with bivalve mollusks Mytilus trossulus, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Crenomytilus grayanus, Modiolus modiolus, and others have been investigated. About 700 strains of filamentous fungi have been isolated, 55 species have been identified, including 7 ascomycetes, 43 anamorphous fungi and 5 zygomycetes (Zvereva, Vysotskaya, 2005; Zvereva, Borzykh, 2010). Fungi were found in mollusks internal organs: mantle, gills, kidneys, digestive gland, male and female gonads. The patterns of filamentous fungi distribution on the shell surface and in the internal organs of mollusks were found. Diversity of mycobiota from Mytilus trossulus and Mizuhopecten yessoensis bivalves has been studied in natural populations and in mariculture (Zvereva, Vysotskaya, 2007). Taxonomic composition of filamentous fungi, associated with Mytilus trossulus bivalve, has been established. Sixteen filamentous fungi species have been isolated from mollusks of natural population in Vostok Bay, including 14 anamorphic micromycete species from Penicillium (7 species), Cladosporium (3), Aspergillus (3), Trichoderma (1) genera, 1 ascomycete from Chaetomium genus, and 1 Zygomycete from Rhizopus genus. Fifteen filamentous fungi species have been isolated from mollusks farmed in suspended culture in Vostok Bay, including 12 anamorphic fungi from Penicillium (5 species), Cladosporium (3), Aspergillus (3), Trichoderma (1) genera, 1 ascomycete from Chaetomium genus, and 2 Zygomycetes from Rhizopus and Mucor genera. Comparative analysis of biodiversity of filamentous fungi, associated with Mytilus trossulus from natural population and mariculture (Vostok Bay), using coefficient of likeness (or difference) of Serensen, has not revealed evident differences. Taxonomic composition of mycelial fungi, associated with Myzuhopecten yessoensis bivalve, has been established. Eighteen filamentous fungi species have been isolated from mollusks of natural population in Vostok Bay, including 17 anamorphic micromycete species from Penicillium (5 species), Cladosporium (5), Aspergillus (3), Trichoderma (1), Alternaria (2), Aureobasidium (1) genera, and 1 zygomycete from Rhizopus genus. Fifteen filamentous fungi species have been isolated from mollusks farmed in suspended culture in Possyet Bay, including 14 anamorphic fungi from Penicillium (5 species), Cladosporium (2), Aspergillus (2), Trichoderma (1), Alternaria (2), Acremonium (1) genera, and 1 ascomycete from 251 PP‐66 252 Chaetomium genus. Comparative analysis of biodiversity of filamentous fungi, associated with Myzuhopecten yessoensis from natural population (Vostok Bay) and mariculture (Possyet Bay), has revealed differences in taxonomic composition of associated fungi, at that likeness coefficient of Serensen was 0.39. Thus, taxonomic structure of mycobiota of bivalves from natural populations and mariculture on the whole is similar for both examined mollusk species on the level of genus, and on the level of species it is similar for mycobiota of Mytilus trossulus, inhabiting the same area (Vostok Bay). For mycobiota of Myzuhopecten yessoensis distinctions have been revealed on the level of species, which is connected with different ecological conditions in Vostok Bay and Possyet Bay, including different anthropogenic stress on the investigated water areas. Microbiological monitoring of mollusks from different parts of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) demonstrated that the biodiversity of opportunistic and toxin‐producing filamentous fungi, primarily from the genus Aspergillus, found in the internal organs of bivalve mollusks increases with the increase of pollution in the coastal waters (Zvereva, 2008; Zvereva, Vysotskaya, 2005, 2007; Zvereva, Borzykh, 2010). The species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, and some others found in the studied bivalve mollusks are opportunistic and toxic fungi capable of causing mycoses and mycotoxicoses in marine organisms. The immune‐enzyme analysis of the Primorsky scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis showed that the internal organs of these bivalves accumulated mycotoxins, particularly aflatoxin produced by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus flavus Link (Zvereva et al., 2009). References [1]. Zvereva L.V. 2008. Mycobiota Associated with Commercially Valuable Species of Seaweeds and Invertebrates in the Russian Waters of the Sea of Japan // Marine Biodiversity and Bioresources of the North‐Eastern Asia. Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Cheju National University, Jeju, Korea. P. 210–213. [2]. Zvereva L.V., O.G. Borzykh. 2010. Fungal complexes associated with the Primorsky Scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis and the Mussel Mytilus trossulus (Bivalvia) from polluted and clean areas of Peter The Great Bay, Sea of Japan // Proceedings of the China – Russia Bilateral Symposium on “Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean”. 10 – 11 October, 2010 Qingdao, China. P. 220‐224. [3]. Zvereva L.V., Stonik I.V., Orlova T.Yu., and Chikalovets I.V. 2009.Mycotoxicological Investigations of Bivalve Mollusks // Byulleten’ Moskovskogo Obschestva Ispytatelei Prirody. Otdel Biologichesky. Vol. 114, Issue 3, Appendix 1. Part 1. P. 322–324. [In Russian] [4]. Zvereva L.V., Vysotskaya M.A. 2005. Filamentous Fungi Associated with Bivalve Mollusks from Polluted Biotopes of Ussuriisky Bay, Sea of Japan // Biologiya Morya. Vol. 31, No. 6, P. 443–446. [In Russian] [5]. Zvereva L.V., Vysotskaya M.A. 2007. Biodiversity of Filamentous Fungi in Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) and Its Dynamics under the Effect of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors // Reaktsiya Morskoi Bioty na Izmeneniya Prirodnoi Sredy i Klimata. Vladivostok: Dalnauka. P. 104–129. [In Russian] List of participants Abramson Natalia Iosifovna Zoological Institute RAS Sankt‐Petersburg, Russia E‐mail: Natalia_Abr@mail.ru Adushkin Vitalij Vasiljevich Institute of Geosphere Dynamics RAS (IDG RAS) Moscow, Russia Tel.: +7 499 137 6611 E‐mail: adushkin@idg.chph.ras.ru Afanasieva Marina Spartakovna Borissiak Palaeontological Institute RAS Moscow, Russia Tel.: +7 495 339 2433 E‐mail: afanasieva@paleo.ru Afanasieva Marina Spartakovna Borissiak Palaeontological Institute RAS Moscow, Russia E‐mail: afanasieva@paleo.ru Afonnikov Dmitriy Arkadievich Institute of Citology and Genetics SB RAS Novosibirsk, Russia Tel.: +7 383 363 49 23 (1301) E‐mail: ada@bionet.nsc.ru Agadzhanyan Alexander Karenovich Borissiak Paleontological Institute RAS Moscow, Russia Tel.: +7 495 339 8900 E‐mail: aagadj@paleo.ru Antoshkina Anna Ivanovna Institute of Geology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, RAS Syktyvkar, Russia Tel.: +7 (8212) 245416 E‐mail: Antoshkina@geo.komisc.ru Askhabov Askhab Magomedovich Institute of Geology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, RAS Syktyvkar, Russia Tel.: +7 8212 245378 E‐mail: xmin@geo.komisc.ru Astafieva Marina Mikhailovna Borissiak Paleontological Institute RAS Moscow, Russia Tel.:+7‐495 339 7911 E‐mail: astafieva@paleo.ru Avdeeva Elena Fedorovna Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Moscow, Russia Download 5.04 Kb. 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