Born in Dublin, Ireland. At 19, he is employed by Sir William Temple a powerful English statesman. Tutors 8 year old Esther “Stella” Johnson. Develops Ménière’s Syndrome, a disturbance of the inner ear. 1694: Deacon and later Priest in Dublin
Falls in love with Jane “Varina” Waring. Falls in love with Jane “Varina” Waring. 1696: returns to Temple’s service. Temple dies in1699. Series of clerical jobs in Ireland. 1704: Tale of the Tub: satire on corruptions in religion and learning. Also Battle of the Books, a mock-epic on the debate between Ancients and Moderns.
1707: Involved with The Tatler. Adopts pseudonym Issac Bickerstaff. 1707: Involved with The Tatler. Adopts pseudonym Issac Bickerstaff. 1720: Involved with Irish causes. 1729: A Modest Proposal 1726: Gulliver’s Travels 1742: establishes site for insane asylum (St. Patrick’s Hospital)
makes a subject appear ridiculous (may invite scorn, contempt, indignation, along with amusement) makes a subject appear ridiculous (may invite scorn, contempt, indignation, along with amusement) satiric vs. comic (satire is amusing though serious; attacks an individual or a “type”; comic evokes amusement, usually through farce) - satire looks to correct a perceived problem (comedy does not)
satire as intellectual (evidence of the intellect of the writer) satire as intellectual (evidence of the intellect of the writer) - - how does the heroic couplet work as part of satire?
satire as corrective (it can turn the subject’s own self-centeredness against itself; only through satire can the subject be reached)
role of the speaker: mock-heroic (unaware of his own ridiculousness) role of the speaker: mock-heroic (unaware of his own ridiculousness) Mac Flecknoe = indirect satire (versus direct personal address by a competent narrator/speaker) wit: - suggests an element of the comic through verbal play - wit as verbal dexterity; wit connects the intellect with the use of language
Paints a distorted verbal picture of part of the world in order to show its true moral (as opposed to merely its physical) nature. Paints a distorted verbal picture of part of the world in order to show its true moral (as opposed to merely its physical) nature. - – May be in verse or prose form.
- – Relies on an a priori agreement regarding moral behavior.
Relies on irony, wit, and sometimes sarcasm. Relies on irony, wit, and sometimes sarcasm. 18th-Century satire: Attempts to be wise, smooth, urbane, and skeptical. - – The prose satiric tone is often harsh, sharp, and sometimes downright nasty.
Ironic Iraqi dinar: presents a distorted picture in order to show true moral nature of US “interest” in Iraq. A priori moral assumption: U.S. president should NOT be affiliated with Iraqi money.
Direct: relies on a first-person narrator (the adversarius) Direct: relies on a first-person narrator (the adversarius) - – Horatian: pokes fun at human folly. More comedic, less serious.
- – Juvenalian: relies on dignified denunciations. Often more politically focused.
Indirect: satiric effect is achieved through modes of presentation & representation, not direct condemnation. Juvenalian than Horatian. – Relies on your ability to understand irony.
Indirect: satiric effect is achieved through Indirect: satiric effect is achieved through modes of presentation & representation, not direct condemnation. Swift combines the two types and is more Juvenalian than Horatian. - – Relies on your ability to understand irony.
Objectivity Objectivity - – Science is the paradigm for all true knowledge.
Right use of reason - – claims to authority grounded in reason
Reason is independent of self / context - – complex connections between reason, autonomy, and freedom.
Language is “transparent Language is “transparent These ideas of the Enlightenment enable the irony in 18th-century satire.
Irony: a contradiction or incongruity between appearance and / or expectation. Irony: a contradiction or incongruity between appearance and / or expectation. Sarcasm: intentional derision, generally directed at another person, and intended to hurt. - Can jeeringly state the opposite of what is meant
Was Irish. Was Irish. Religious Biography So, would this man seriously suggest eating Irish babies?
Narrative “I” Narrative “I” - – Self-effacing but…. “As to my own part…” (484).
Irony - – Title: is this a “modest” proposal? (485)
Language / resources
Cannibals and savages Cannibals and savages Sarcasm - – Moral expediency (484, 486-487)
- – Rejects actual moral options (488)
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