Boshlang'ich sinflarda matematika o'qitish metodikasi
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1-bosqich.
T a y y o rg a r lik b o s q ic h i: q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h a m a lin in g a n iq m a z m u n in i o c h is h ; a +1 k o ’r in is h d a g i q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h h o l lari. B u ish 10 ic h id a s o n la rn i o ‘r g a n is h g a b ag M sh lan g a n b irin c h i d a r s d a n o q b o s h la n a d i. B u n d a ik k i t o ’p la m n in g b ir la s h m a s ig a d o ir va t o ‘p la m q is m in i a jra tis h g a d o ir y e ta r lic h a m a sh q b a ja ra d ila r. R a q a m la s h n i o ’rg a n is h ja r a y o n id a 1 - o ‘n lik d a g i h a r b ir s o n o ‘z id a n o ld in g i so n g a 1 n i q o ‘sh is h d a n , y o k i o ‘z id a n k e y in g i s o n d a n 1 ni a y iris h d a n h o s il boM ishi, s h u b ila n s o n la r q a to rin i h o s il q ilis h m a la k a s i s in g d iri- lad i. U m u m a n a + 1 , a -1 k o T in is h d a g i h o lla r u c h u n ja d v a l tu z ila d i. B irin c h i d a rs d a n o q 1 - 1 = 0 , 0+ 1 = 1 k o T in is h d a g i a m a lla r g a t o ‘x ta la d i. 2-bosqich. a ± 2 , a ± 3 , a ± 4 k o T in is h d a g i h o lla r u c h u n h is o b la s h u s u lla r i b ila n ta n is h is h . B u h o lla rn in g h a r b iri u c h u n ta x m in a n b ir x il q u y id a g i r e ja tu z ila d i: 1 ) ta y y o rg a rlik s ifa tid a s o n la m i 2 q o ‘s h ilu v c h ig a a jra tis h v a q o ‘s h is h h a m d a a y iris h ja d v a lla r i ta k ro rla n a d i; 2 ) so n n i q is m la r b o ’y ic h a q o ’s h is h v a a y iris h u s u lla ri b ila n ta n ish ish ; 3) y a n g i b ilim la m i m u s ta h k a m la s h v a u n i qoM lash; 4 ) q o ‘sh ish v a ay irish ja d v a lla rin i o n g li e s la b q o lish g a d o ir ishlar. 3-bosqich. a + 6 , a + 7 , a + 8 , a + 9 k o T in is h d a g i h o lla r u c h u n h is o b la s h u su lla ri b ila n ta n is h is h . B u is h la m i b a ja r is h ja ra y o n i h a m o ld in g ila r d e k b a ja r ilib , q o ‘s h ilu v c h i, yigM ndi s o ‘z la ri b ila n ta n is h a d i lar. B o la la rg a tu s h u n a rli boM ishi u c h u n q u y id a g i ja d v a lla m i o T g a tis h m u m k in : q o ‘sh i l u v c h i 4 6 5 3 7 2 1 0 q o ‘s h i l u v c h i 0 2 3 4 6 5 7 8 yig Mndi 184 0 ‘q u v c h ila r 4 + 2 = 6 , 2 + 4 = 6 k a b i m is o lla m i y e c h is h o rq a li o ‘rin a lm a s h tir is h x o ssa si b ila n ta n is h a d ila r v a u n i q o id a s ifa tid a ifo d a la y - d ila r. 6 = D + D , 7 = D + □ k a b i k o ‘r g a z m a li m u s ta q il is h la r b e rila d i. 4-bosqich. a - 5 , a - 6 , a - 7 , a - 8 , k o ‘rin is h d a g i h o lla r u c h u n h is o b la s h u s u lla ri b ila n ta n is h is h . B u n d a h is o b la s h u su lla ri y ig ‘in d i b ila n q o ‘s h ilu v c h ila r o ra s id a g i b o g M a n ish la rn i b ilis h lik k a a s o s la n g a n . B u n d a yigM ndi v a q o ‘s h ilu v c h ila r d a n b iri o rq a li ik k in c h i q o ‘s h ilu v c h in i to p is h g a a s o s la n g a n . Q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h n i o ‘rg a n is h g a d o ir ta y y o rg a rlik ishi ra q a m - la n is h n i o ‘rg a n is h d a b irin c h i d a r s la rid a n o q b o s h la n a d i. B u n d a y u - q o r id a a y tib o M ilg an id e k , n a tu ra l k e tm a - k e tlik d a g i s o n la m in g h o sil boM ish h o lla ri ( a ± l ) b ila n b ir q a to rd a q o ‘ sh is h v a a y iris h n in g b o s h q a h o lla ri h a m q a ra la d i. B u a m a lla m in g n a tija la r in i- to p is h d a t o ‘p la m la r u s tid a a m a lla r b a ja rib , s h u n in g d e k , m a s a la la r y e c h is h d a o ‘q u v c h ila r t o ‘p la m la rn i b irla s h tiris h a m a lla ri q o ‘s h is h a m a lig a , u la m in g q is m in i a jra tis h e s a a y iris h a m a lig a m o s k e lis h in i a n iq la y d ila r. B u n d a n ta s h q a ri o ‘q u v c h ila m in g e ’tib o rin i q o ‘s h g a n d a o ld in g id a n k o ‘p a y is h ig a , a y irg a n d a e s a k a m a y is h ig a e ’tib o r n in i qaratilm o g M z a ru r. 0 ‘q u v c h ila r r a q a m la s h n i o ‘rg a n is h n in g o x irig a b o rib b irin c h i o ‘n lik d a g i is ta lg a n s o n g a b im i q o ‘s h is h y o k i a y iris h b ila n h o sil q ilish u s u lin i m u s ta h k a m o ‘r g a n ib b o r is h la ri v a b u u s u ld a n f o y d a la n ib ( b irin -k e tin ) s a n a s h b ila n e m a s , b im i q o ‘sh is h v a a y iris h b ila n b e - m a lo l b a ja ris h la ri lo z im . B o la ia r s e k in - a s ta o ‘z k u z a tis h la r in i u m u m la s h tira d ila r v a q u y id a g ic h a x u lo s a g a k e la d ila r: S o n g a 1 n i q o ‘sh is h - b u u n d a n k e y in g i k e lu v c h i so n n i a y tis h d e m a k d ir. S o n d a n 1 n i a y iris h u n d a n o ld in k e lu v c h i so n n i a y tis h d e- m a k d ir. A lo h id a a jra tilg a n d a r s d a o ‘rg a n ilg a n b a rc h a a ± l h o lla r tiz im g a s o lin a d i. 0 ‘q itu v c h i ra h b a rlig id a «1 n i q o ‘sh is h » v a «1 ni a y iris h » ja d v a lla r in i tu z a d ila r v a u la m i y o d o la d ila r. B ir to m o n d a n h is o b la s h u s u lla rin in g o ‘x s h a s h lig in i, ik k in c h i to m o n d a n q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h a m a lla rin in g q a ra m a - q a r s h i x a ra k te rin i t a ’k id la s h u c h u n «2 ni q o ‘s h is h » v a « 2 .n i a y iris h » x u d d i s h u n in g d e k , o ‘q u v c h ila r k e y in ro q «3 ni q o ‘s h is h » v a «3 ni a y iris h » h a m d a « 4 n i q o ‘sh is h » v a « 4 n i a y ir is h » h o lla ri b ir-b iri b ila n ta q q o s la n ib , b ir v a q td a o ‘rg a n ila d i. 185 H iso b la sh m a lak a la ri u stid a ish q u y id a g i re ja b o ‘y ic h a o lib boriladi: 1 ) q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h u su lla ri b ila n ta n ish ish ;. 2 ) b u u s u lla rn i q o N la s h g a v a h is o b la s h m a la k a la rin i e g a lla s h g a d o ir m a s h q la r; 3 ) ja d v a ll a r tu z is h v a u la m i y o d o lis h ,h is o b la s h m a la k a la rin i e g a lla s h , « 2 ni q o ‘sh is h v a a y iris h » n i o ‘rg a n ish . B u la m i o ‘tis h u su li b ila n ta n is h tiris h m e to d ik a s in i q a r a b c h iq a y lik . T a y y o rg a rlik d a v rid a (m av z u n i o ‘rg a n ish g a 1-2 d a rs q o lg a n d a ) b o la la m in g 6 + 1 + 1 , 9-1-1 k o ‘rin ish d a g i ikki am alli m is o la m i y e c h ish g a o T g a tis h ta v siy a etilad i, b u n d a b o la la rd a 1 ni q o ‘shish v a ay irish m a la k a la ri m u sta h k a m la n a d i v a q u y id a g ic h a k u z a tis h la r p a y d o boMadi: A g a r 1 ni q o ‘s h s a k ,( a y irs a k ), u h o ld a b o r y o ‘g ‘i 2 ni q o ‘sh g a n ( a y ir g a n ) b o N am iz. D a s tla b b u n d a y m a s a la la m i y e c h is h n i p r e d m e tla r u s tid a a m a lla r b a ja r is h o r q a li n a m o y o n q ilin a d i, M a s a la n , « 4 ta k o ‘k k v a d r a t q o ‘y in g , 1 ta sa riq k v a d ra tn i v a 1 ta q iz il k v a d r a tn i s u rib q o ‘y in g . N e c h ta k v a d r a t h o sil b o ‘la d i? 4+ 1 + 1, b u n d a y m is o ln i q a n d a y y e c h is h im iz n i tu s h u n tirin g (4 g a 1 ni q o ‘sh a m iz , 5 h o s il boM adi, 5 g a 1 n i q o 's h a m i z 6 h o sil boM adi»). 7 - 1 - 1 m is o l h a m x u d d i sh u n d a y y e c h ila d i. H is o b la s h la m in g y a n g i u s u lla rin i o ‘r g a tis h g a b a g i s h la n a d ig a n d a r s d a h a m d a s tla b b ir n e c h a ta y y o rg a rlik m a s h q la ri b a ja rila d i; b o la ia r m is o lla m i ( 8+1 + 1 , 9 -1 -1 v a h .k ) u la m in g h a r b irin i tu s h u n tirib y e c h a d ila r . 0 ‘q itu v c h i s a v o l b e ra d i. « A g a r 1 ni v a y a n a 1 n i q o ‘s h g a n b o ‘lsa k , h a m m a s i boM ib q a n c h a q o ‘s h d ik ? ( a g a r 1 n i v a y a n a 1 n i a y irg a n boM sak, h a m m a s i b o ‘lib n e c h a n i a y ird ik ? )» . N a v b a td a g i u c h in c h i d a v rd a « 5 , 6 ,7 , 8 ,9 , n i q o ‘sh is h » h o lla ri u c h u n q o ‘sh is h u s u lla ri o ‘rg a n ila d i. B u m is o lla rd a 10 ic h id a q o ‘s h is h d a ik k in c h i q o ‘s h ilu v c h i b irin c h i q o ‘s h ilu v c h id a n k a tta (1 + 9 , 2 + 7 , 3 + 5 , 4 + 6 ...). A g a r h is o b la s h la rd a q o ‘s h ilu v c h ila m in g o ‘rn i al- m a s h tir ils a , u h o lla r n in g b a rc h a s i ilg a ri o T g a n ilg a n a - 1 , a + 2 , a + 3 , a + 4 k o T in is h d a g i h o lla rg a k e la d i. Download 7.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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