Boshlang'ich sinflarda matematika o'qitish metodikasi
1 - § . N o m a n f i y b u t u n s o n l a r u s t i d a a r i f m e t i k a m a l l a r n i
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2 1 - § . N o m a n f i y b u t u n s o n l a r u s t i d a a r i f m e t i k a m a l l a r n i
o 4r g a t i s h m e t o d i k a s i v a h i s o b l a s h k o ‘ n i k m a l a r i n i t a r k i b t o p t i r i s h U s h b u m a v z u u s tid a is h la s h d a o ‘q itu v c h i o ld id a tu r g a n a s o s iy m a q s a d la r q u y id a g ila rd a n ib o ra t: 1 ) o ‘q u v c h ila m i q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h , k o ‘p a y tiris h v a boM ish a m a lla r in in g m a z m u n i b ila n ta n is h tiris h ; 2 ) h is o b la s h u s u lla rid a n o ‘q u v c h ila m in g o n g li fo y d a la n is h la rin i t a ’m in la s h : a ) so n n i q is m la r i b o ‘y ic h a (b itta la b y o k i g u ru h la b ) q o ‘sh is h v a a y iris h u su li b ) y ig N n d in in g o ‘rin a lm a s h tir is h x o s s a s id a n fo y d a la n ib q o ‘s h is h u su li; d) so n la m i ay irish d a q o ‘s h ish n in g te g ish li holini b ilish d an yoki yigN ndi v a q o ‘sh ilu v c h ila rd a n b iri b o ‘y ic h a ik k in ch i q o ‘sh ilu v ch in i to p ish m a la k a sid a n fo y d ala n ila d ig an h o ld a y ig ‘indi b ila n q o ‘sh ilu v c h ila r o ra sid a g i bogM anishlam i b ilg a n lik k a a s o sla n g a n ay irish usuli; 3 ) q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h , k o ‘p a y tir is h v a boM ish k o ‘n ik m a m a la k a la rin i s h a k lla n tir is h (y o d o lis h g a y e tk a z is h ) 10 ic h id a q o ‘sh is h 177 v a a y iris h n i o ‘rg a n is h ish in i o ‘z a ro b o g M an g an b ir n e c h ta b o s q ic h g a boM ish m u m k in . 0 ‘q u v c h ila rd a o g ‘z a k i v a y o z m a h is o b la s h k o ‘n ik m a la rin i ta rk ib to p tiris h m a te m a tik a d a s tu rin in g a s o s iy y o ‘n a lis h la rid a n b irid ir. A rifm e tik a m a lla rn i o ‘r g a n is h d a n o ld in b o la ia r o n g ig a u n in g m a ’n o s in i, m a z m u n in i y e tk a z is h k e ra k . B u v a z ifa tu rli x il a m a liy is h la m i b a ja ris h a s o s id a oM kaziladi. M a s a la n , « o ‘n lik » m a v z u s in i q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h a m a lla rin in g m a n o s i 2 t o ‘p la m e le m e n tla rin i b irla s h tiris h v a t o ‘p la m d a n u n in g q is m la rin i a jra tis h k a b i a m a lla r y o rd a m id a o lib b o rila d i. K o ‘p a y tiris h n i u n in g k o m p o n e n tla ri b ila n n a tija s i o ra s id a g i b o g M a n ish la rn i o ‘rg a n is h esa boM ish a m a lin i o ‘rg a n is h u c h u n a s o s boM ib x iz m a t q ila d i. D e m a k , o ‘q itis h n in g 1 -b o sq ic h id a a b s tra k t boM gan n a rs a n a v b a td a g i b o s q ic h d a y a n a d a a b s tra k tro q b ilim la m i s h a k lla n tiris h u c h u n a n iq a s o s boM ib x iz m a t q ila d i. T u rli h is o b la s h u s u lla r in in g o 'z la s h tir ilis h i u c h u n d a s tu rd a a rif m e tik a m a lla m in g b a ’z i m u h im x o s s a la ri v a u la rd a n k e lib c h iq a d ig a n n a tija la r b ila n ta n is h tiris h n i n a z a rd a tu ta d i. M a s a la n , 1 -sin fd a 10 ic h id a q o ‘sh is h v a a y irish n i o ‘r g a n is h d a b o la ia r q o ls h is h n in g o ‘rin a lm a s h tris h x o s s a la ri b ila n ta n is h a d ila r. D a s tu rd a a r ifm e tik a m a lla m in g x o s s a la rin i o ‘rg a n is h d a n ta s h q a ri a rif m e tik a m a l h a d la ri v a n a tija la ri o ra s id a g i b o g M a n ish la rn i ta n is h tiris h n i h a m k o ‘z d a tu ta d i. B u is h a m a lla rn i, te n g la m a la m i te k - s h ir is h d a m u h im a h a m iy a tg a e g a . M a s a la n , 6-4 = 2 4 boM sa, uni bo M ish g a bogM ab 2 4 :6 = 4 , 2 4 :4 = 6 k a b i h o lla r h o sil q ilin a d i. M u h im v a z ifa la rd a n b iri h is o b la s h k o ‘n ik m a la rin i s h a k lla n ti- rish d ir. O g ‘z a k i v a y o z m a u s u ld a h is o b la s h la r 1-4 s in fn in g h a r b ir m a v z u s id a o ‘z a k s in i to p g a n . M a s a la n , o g ‘za k i 2 7 6 + 4 3 2 = ( 2 0 0 + 4 0 0 ) + (7 0 + 3 0 )+ (6 + 2 ) = 6 0 0 + 1 0 0 + 8 = 7 0 8 y o z m a , + 2 7 6 4 3 2 A rifm e tik a m a lla rn i o ‘r g a n is h d a o ld in o ‘q u v c h ila r o n g ig a u n in g m a ’n o s in i, m a z m u n in i y e tk a z is h k e ra k . B u ish p r e d m e tla m in g h a r xil t o ’p la m la ri -bilan a m a liy is h la r b a ja ris h a s o s id a o M kaziladi. 0 ‘q u v c h ila m i q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h a m a lla rin in g m a ’n o si b ila n ta n is h tiris h ik k i to ‘p la m e le m e n tla rin i b irla s h tir is h g a o id v a b e rilg a n t o ’p la m d a n u n in g q is m la rin i a jra tis h k a b i a m a liy m u n o s a b a tla r o rq a li a m a lg a o s h irila d i. Q o ‘s h is h a m a li s o n la m i k o ‘p a y tir is h a m a lla ri 178 u c h u n a s o s b o ‘lib x iz m a t q ila d i. K o ‘p a y tiris h u n in g k o m p o n e n tla ri b ila n n a tija la ri o ra s id a g i b o g M a n ish la rn i o ‘r g a n is h o ‘z n a v b a tid a boM ish a m a lin i o ‘rg a n is h u c h u n a s o s boM ib x iz m a t q ila d i. A rifm e tik a m a lla r n i o ‘rg a n is h d a g i m a s a la la rd a n b iri o g ‘z a k i v a y o z m a h is o b la s h u s u lla rin i o n g li o ‘z la s h tiris h , h is o b la s h m a la k a v a k o ‘n ik m a la rin i s h a k lla n tiris h b ila n bogM iqdir. O g ‘z a k i h is o b la s h - la m in g a s o s iy k o ‘n ik m a la ri 1 - v a 2 -s in f la rd a s h a k lla n a d i. O g ‘z a k i h is o b la s h u s u lla ri h a m , y o z m a h is o b la s h u s u lla ri h a m a m a lla r x o s sa la ri v a u la rd a n k e lib c h iq a d ig a n n a tija la m i a m a lla r k o m p o n e n tla ri b ila n n a tija la ri o rs id a g i b o g M a n ish la rn i b ilg a n lik k a a s o s la n a d i. A m m o o g lz a k i v a y o z m a h is o b la s h u s u lla rin in g fa rq q ilu v c h i x o s s a la ri h a m b o r. O g ‘z a k i h iso b la sh la r: 1. H is o b la s h la r y o z u v la r s iz ( y a ’n i x o tira d a b a ja rila d i) y o k i y o - z u v la r b ila n tu s h u n tirib b e rilis h i m u m k in . B u n d a y e c h im la m i: a) tu s h u n tiris h la m i toMa y o z is h b ila n ( y a ’ni h is o b la s h u su lin i d a s tla b k i m u s ta h k a m la s h b o s q ic h id a ) b e ris h m u m k in . M a sa la n : 3 4 + 3 = (3 0 + 4 ) + 3 = 3 0 + (4 + 3 ) = 3 7 , 9 + 3 = 9 + (1 + 2 ) = (9 + + 1 ) + 2 = 12 v a h o k a z o . b ) B e rilg a n la rn i v a n a tija la m i y o z is h m u m k in . M a s a la n , 34 + 4 = 37 9 + 3 = 12. d ) h is o b la s h n a tija la rin i ra q a m la b y o z is h m u m k in . M a s a la n , 1 ) 3 7 , 2 ) 1 2 . . 2. H is o b la s h la r y u q o ri x o n a b ir lik la rid a n b o s h la b b a ja rila d i. M a sa la n , 4 3 0 - 2 1 0 = (4 0 0 + 3 0 ) - (2 0 0 + 10) = (4 0 0 - 2 0 0 ) + (3 0 - 10)= Download 7.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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