Canadian French: [kanadɑ] is a country located in the

Contemporary era 
The financial crisis of the Great Depression had led the Dominion of 
Newfoundland to relinquish responsible government in 1934 and become 
a crown colony ruled by a British governor.
[78]
 After two bitter referendums, 
Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province.
[79]
 
Canada's post-war economic growth, combined with the policies of 
successive Liberal governments, led to the emergence of a newCanadian 
identity, marked by the adoption of the Maple Leaf Flag in 1965,
[80]
 the 
implementation of official bilingualism (English and French) in 1969,
[81]
 and 
the 
institution 
of official 
multiculturalism in 
1971.
[82]
 Socially 
democratic programs were also instituted, such asMedicare, the Canada 
Pension Plan, and Canada Student Loans, though provincial governments, 

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particularly Quebec and Alberta, opposed many of these as incursions into 
their jurisdictions.
[83]
 
Finally, another series of constitutional conferences resulted in the Canada 
Act, the patriation of Canada's constitution from the United Kingdom, 
concurrent with the creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and 
Freedoms.
[84][85][86]
 Canada had established complete sovereignty as an 
independent country, although the Queen retained her role as monarch of 
Canada.
[87][88]
 In 1999, Nunavut became Canada's third territory after a series 
of negotiations with the federal government.
[89]
 
At the same time, Quebec underwent profound social and economic changes 
through 
the Quiet 
Revolution of 
the 
1960s, 
giving 
birth 
to 
a 
secular nationalist movement.
[90]
 The 
radical 
Front 
de 
libération 
du 
Québec (FLQ) ignited the October Crisis with a series of bombings and 
kidnappings in 1970
[91]
 and thesovereignist