Canadian French: [kanadɑ] is a country located in the

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Canada 
Canada (Canadian French: [kanadɑ]) is a country located in the 
northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territoriesextend 
from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 
9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the 
world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with 
the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. Its capital 
is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, 
andVancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its 
land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population 
is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in 
large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border. Canada's 
climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the 
north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons. 
Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for 
thousands of years prior to European colonization. Beginning in the 16th 
century, British and French expeditions explored, and later settled, along the 
Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded 
nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of 
three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was 
formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of 
provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from 
the United Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute 
of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada Act of 1982, which 
severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament, except 
for the power to amend its constitution. 
Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, 
with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is a realm within 
the Commonwealth of Nations, a member of the Francophonie and officially 

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bilingual at the federal level. Itranks among the highest in international 
measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, 
economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically 
diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from 
many other countries. Canada's long and complex relationship with the 
United States has had a significant impact on its economyand culture. 
Canada is a developed country and has the fifteenth-highest nominal per 
capita income globally as well as the tenth-highest ranking in the Human 
Development Index. Its advanced economy is the tenth-largest in the world, 
relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed 
international trade networks. Canada is part of several major international and 
intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, 
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the G7 (formerly G8), the Group of 
Ten, the G20, the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-
Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. 
Etymology 
Main article: Name of Canada 
While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins 
of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence 
Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement".
[11]
 In 1535, 
indigenous inhabitants of the present-dayQuebec City region used the word 
to 
direct 
French 
explorer Jacques 
Cartier to 
the 
village 
of Stadacona.
[12]
 Cartier later used the word Canada to refer not only to that