Challenges of Translating Islamic Religious Items from Arabic into English
Key Words: Islamic religious items, Translation strategies, translation approaches Introduction
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ChallengesofTranslatingIslamicReligiousItemsfromArabicintoEnglish1
Key Words: Islamic religious items, Translation strategies, translation approaches
Introduction In the Concise Oxford English Dictionary, translation is defined as “A written or spoken rendering of the meaning of a word or text in another language.” Catford (1965:20) defines translation as the "replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language". Brislin (1976: 1) defines translation as: "the general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral form; whether the languages have established orthographies or do not have such standardization or whether one or both languages is based on signs, as with sign languages of the deaf." Newmark (1988) looks at translation as a process of replacing one written statement in a Source Language (SL) by the same message in the Target Language (TL). Arab Organization for Translation, Issue 16, Winter 2014, Beirut, Lebanon Problems of Translating Islamic Religious Items Arabic and Translation Magazine Page | 2 It is defined by Reiss, (2000:160) as "a bilingual mediated process of communication, which ordinarily aims at the production of a Target Language text that is functionally equivalent to a Source Language text". Ghazala (1995:1-2) used the term to refer to all the processes and methods used to convey the meaning of the source language into the target language. Hatem and Mason (1990) defined it as “the transfer of meaning from one language to another. All the previous definitions of translation have something in common sine they focus on defining translation as a process of seeking appropriate equivalents and transforming expressions, meanings and messages from one language into another. However, they do not refer to the role played by culture in the process of translation. The main concern of theories of translation was about language with no focus of any kind on the interaction between translation and culture. It can be said that the cultural turn with regard to translation was started by Zohar (1978) and Toury (1980). More attention was paid to the analysis of translation in its cultural, political, and ideological context. It is quite clear that the notion of culture is vital to considering the implications for translation. Although there are different opinions with regard to the interrelationship between language and culture and the debate concerning whether language is part of culture or not, it seems that they are inseparable. In 1964, Nida gave equal importance to both linguistic and cultural differences between the source language and target language. He concluded that cultural differences may cause more serious problems and challenges than do linguistic differences. According to him both cultural implications and lexical concerns are of equal importance. Traditionally, translation is used to make religious texts available to a wider audience. It goes without saying that culture is one of the most difficult topics to deal with in translation since it causes various problems in the process of translation such as problems arising from mixing between the denotative and connotative meanings of words, forms of address, and the problems associated with idioms and metaphors.. The concept of culture is fundamental to any approach to translation. Culture represents a central element in translation and any translation into a foreign language will always be an instance of intercultural communication. The translator who ignores this interconnection between language and culture will commit a serious mistake. Download 0.71 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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