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| Discrete Fourier Transform
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6.Chapter-02 (1)
2.3.1.6 | Discrete Fourier Transform
A Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the windowed signal is used to extract the frequency content (the spectrum) of the current frame. The tool for extracting spectral information i.e., how much energy the signal contains at discrete frequency bands for a discrete-time (sampled) signal is the Discrete Fourier Transform or DFT. The input to the DFT is a windowed signal x[n]...x[m], and the output, for each of N discrete frequency bands, is a complex number X[k] representing the magnitude and phase of that frequency component in the original signal. | ∑ ( ) ( ) | The commonly used algorithm for computing the DFT is the Fast Fourier Transform or in short FFT. 2.3.1.7 | Mel Filter For calculating the MFCC, first, a transformation is applied according to the following formula: ( ) [ ] Where, x is the linear frequency. Then, a filter bank is applied to the amplitude of the Mel-scaled spectrum. The Mel frequency warping is most conveniently done by utilizing a filter bank with filters centered according to Mel Chapter 2 | Speech Recognition 20 frequencies. The width of the triangular filters varies according to the Mel scale, so that the log total energy in a critical band around the center frequency is included. The centers of the filters are uniformly spaced in the Mel scale. Fig.(2.13): Equally spaced Mel values The result of Mel filter is information about distribution of energy at each Mel scale band. We obtain a vector of outputs (12 coeffs.) from each filter. Fig.(2.13): Triangular filter bank in frequency scale We have used 30 filters in the filter bank. |
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