Chapter 1 introduction

C. Teaching Speaking 
For many years, teaching speaking provides students with the components 
of the language, in hope that they would eventually put them all together and 
speak (Nunan, 2003:49 ). However, today's world requires that the goal of 
teaching speaking should improve students' communicative skills, because, only 
in that way, students can express themselves and learn how to follow the social 
and cultural rules appropriate in each communicative circumstance. 
As long as we know, students are taught speaking by having repetition and 
recite dialogues. Repetition is hoped to make students become familiar with sound 
and structural patterns of the target language. Recite dialogues are hoped the 
learners can interact with other people and try to express their feeling to each 
other. By asking for clarification, repetition, or explanation during conversation, 
learners get the people they are speaking with to address them with language at a 
level they can learn from and understand (Nunan, 2003:55) 
Speaking is a crucial part of second language learning and teaching 
(Cahyono and Mukminatien, 2011:42). Teaching speaking can also be defined as 

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sharing information from teacher to the students. The speaking skill is measured 
in terms of the ability to carry out in the daily conversation. This reality makes 
teacher thinks that speaking ability should be mastered by their students. Speaking 
activities will train the students to practice more in speaking. 
According to Harmer, (2007:123) there are three main reasons for getting 
students to speak in the classroom. First, speaking activities provide rehearsal 
opportunities chances to practice real life speaking in the safety of the classroom. 
Secondly, speaking task in which students try to use any or all of the language 
they know provide feedback for both teacher and students. The last, the more 
students have opportunities to active the various elements of language they have 
stored in their brains, the more automatic their use of these element become. So 
they will be able to use words and phrases fluently without very much conscious 
thought. 
There are many activities served in teaching speaking such as story telling, 
role play, discussion, etc. Teacher can choose the best activities in teaching 
speaking that hoped can improve the speaking abilities for the learners. Especially 
for young learner, the activities in speaking must be fun and interested for them. 
Scott and Yteberg (1990:33) states that in their own language children are able to 
express emotion, communicate, intentions and reaction, explore the language and 
make fun of it, so they expect to be able to do the same in English. So, teaching 
speaking must be an enjoyable and fun activity that makes the student feels secure 
to speak up and express their feeling freely.

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