Chapter passive voice/ it’s said that…/ have something done… unit 5 passive voice

Structure:
EGA+FE’L+Vsiz TO’L+Vli TO’L+ JOY+VAQT
Tenses ACTIVE

ASPECT→ TIME↓	TO BE	SIMPLE	CONTINUOUS	PERFECT	PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST	S+WAS/WERE..	S+Ved/V2..	S+WAS/WERE+Ving..	S+HAD+Ved/V3..	S+HAD+BEEN+Ving..
PRESENT	S+AM/IS/ARE..	S+V(s)..	S+AM/IS/ARE+Ving..	S+HAVE/HAS+Ved/V3..	S+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+Ving..
FUTURE	S+WILL+BE..	S+WILL+V..	S+WILL+BE+Ving..	S+WILL+HAVE+Ved/V3..	S+WILL+HAVE+BEEN+Ving..

PASSIVE

ASPECT→ TIME↓	SIMPLE	CONTINUOUS	PERFECT	PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST	S+WAS/WERE+Ved/V3..	S+WAS/WERE+BEING+Ved/V3..	S+HAD+BEEN+Ved/V3..
PRESENT	S+AM/IS/ARE+Ved/V3..	S+AM/IS/ARE+BEING+Ved/V3..	S+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+Ved/V3..
FUTURE	S+WILL+BE+Ved/V3..

UNIT 6. IT’S SAID THAT…

• 
  The structure It’s said that… is used when we don’t exactly know the situation and say what we heard about the situation. (it’s according to what people say about it):
  

It’s said that George was a rich man before.= George is said to have been a rich man before.

You can also use these structures with:

Thought believed reported understood known expected alleged considered
Structures:
It’s said that Henry eats ten eggs a day. = Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day.
It’s believed that the wanted man is living in New York. = The wanted man is believed to be living in New York.
It’s expected that the strike will begin tomorrow. = The strike is expected to begin tomorrow.
It’s alleged that he stole £ 60. = He’s alleged to have stolen £ 60.
It was alleged that he stole £ 60. = He was alleged to have stolen £ 60.
It’s reported that two people were killed in the explosion. = Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion.

• 
  Sometimes “supposed to” means “said to”:
  

Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be a very good film. = It’s said to be a very good film.
But sometimes “supposed to” has a different meaning. It’s used to say what is planned or arranged
(and this is often different from what really happens):
I’d better hurry. It’s nearly 8 o’clock. I’m supposed to be meeting Tom at 8.15.
You were supposed to clean the windows. Why didn’t you do it?
The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30 but it was 40 minutes late.
“not supposed to” is used to say what is not allowed or not advisable:
You are not supposed to park here. (= You aren’t allowed to park here.)
Mr Collins is much better after his illness but he’s still not supposed to do any heavy work.

UNIT 7. HAVE SOMETHING DONE

• 
  The structure “have something done” is used to say that someone makes another person to do something for him/her:
  

Jill repaired the roof. (= she did it herself)
Jill had the roof repaired. (= she arranged for someone else to do it)
Structures:
have + object + past participle

Jill	had	the roof	repaired	yesterday
Where did you	have	your hair	done?
We are	having	the house	painted	at the moment
Tom has just	had	a telephone	installed	in his flat
How often do you	have	your car	serviced
Why don’t you	have	that coat	cleaned?
I want to	have	my photograph	taken.

• 
  “get something done” is possible instead of “have something done”( mainly in informal spoken English):
  

I think you should get your hair cut. (=have your hair cut)

• 
  “have something done” sometimes has a different meaning. It means that something (often something not nice ) happened to someone. It doesn’t mean that the person arranged it him/herself:
  

George had his nose broken in a fight.
He had all his money stolen in the market.