Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Dracocephalum
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Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Dracocephalum
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Abd El-Baky et al. also reported that D. moldavica essential oils exhibited a significant antibacterial and antifungal activity in comparison to chloramphenicol [47].
Trypanocidal Activity. Komaroviquinone (33) was the major trypanocidal component of D. komarovi with minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of 0.4 mm against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Under the same conditions, dracocequi- nones A and B (28 and 29, resp.), komarovispirone ( 31), and cyclocoulterone ( 32), which were isolated from D. komarovi, showed trypanocidal activity with MLC values of 12.5, 25, 23, and 20 mm, respectively. The MLC of gentian violet as a positive control was 6.3 mm [15]. Cardiovascular Protective Effects. Pretreatment with naringenin 7-O-glucoside (198) from D. rupestre, at the concentration of 10, 20, and 40 mm significantly decreased the loss of cardiomyocyte viability induced by doxorubicin. Compound 198 also increased the protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Bcl-2 in cardiomyocytes and suppressed the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9. These results suggested that 198 had protective effects against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, which suggested a possible use of 198 as a therapeutic agent for treating or preventing cardiomyopathy associated with doxorubicin [61]. In a further recent study, Han et al. reported that 198 could prevent cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced toxicity by induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes via phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, having an effect comparable to that of quercetin [62]. In 1998, Sajjadi et al. reported that the hydroalcoholic extract and polyphenolic fraction of D. kotschyi produced a significant decrease of blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels, while HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased in rat s hyperlipidemia model [63]. To observe the cardiovascular protective effect of D. moldavica, Hong et al. used the acute rat myocardial ischemia model induced by ISP and measured the changes of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 þ -ATPase (SERCA), SOD, Se-GSH-Px, MDA, CPK, and myocardial ultrastructure. The results demonstrated that the extracts of D. moldavica had the ability of protecting against myocardial ischemia [64] [65]. Yang et al. also reported that D. moldavica could be used as a remedy for coronary heart disease [66] [67]. Others. In 2002, in the in vitro screening of Chinese and Mongolian herbal drugs for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity, it was reported that the extract of D. rupestre exhibited weak anti-HIV activity with the value of IC100 125 mg/ ml, compared with the cell toxicity (CC0 500 mg/ml) [68]. Concluding Remarks. – The chemical studies on the Dracocephalum species have revealed that the typical constituents of this genus are terpenoids and flavonoids. Among them, some components exhibit strong bioactivities, especially antioxidant, antihypoxic, and immunomodulatory activities. In the future, further phytochemical and biological studies should be carried out on this genus in order to disclose their active principles and mechanisms of active components. The work was supported by program NCET Foundation, NSFC (30725045), the Special Program for New Drug Innovation of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2009ZX09311-001, 2008ZX09101-Z-029, 2009ZX09103-375), Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B906), and in part by the Scientific Foundation of Shanghai China (Nos. 07DZ19728, 09DZ1975700, 09DZ1971500, 09DZ1972200, 08DZ1971302). REFERENCES Editorial Board of Flora of China of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Flora of China , Vol. 65, Science Press, Beijing, 2005, p. 346. L. Qi, D. S. Luo, Collection of Chinese Minorities Medicine , Neimenggu Science and Technology Press, Chifeng, 2000, p. 397. Editorial Board of Flora of China of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Flora of China , Vol. 65, Science Press, Beijing, 2005, p. 358. Jiangsu New Medical College, Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medical , Science and Technology Press of Shanghai, Shanghai, 1993, p. 753. Jiangsu New Medical College, Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medical , Science and Technology Press of Shanghai, Shanghai, 1993, p. 3940. D. M. Ren, Ph.D. Thesis, Shandong University, 2007. X. F. Zhang, B. L. Hu, S. X. Wang, Acta Bot. Sin. 1994, 36, 645. J. X. Li, Z. J. Jia, Acta Bot. Boreal. Occid. Sin. 2006, 26, 188. H. T. Zheng, G. G. Zhang, Y. F. Zheng, Y. P. Jin, S. S. Du, Z. W. Deng, Chin. J. Med. Chem. 2007, 17, 314. J. B. Li, Y. Ding, China J. Chin. Mater. Med. 2001, 26, 697. S. Saeidnia, A. R. Gohari, N. Uchiyama, M. Ito, G. Honda, F. Kiuchi, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2004, 52, 1249. G.-P. Li, J.-F. Zhao, L.-J. Yang, X.-D. Yang, L. Li, Helv. Chim. Acta 2006, 89, 3018. J. X. Li, M.D. Thesis, LanZhou University, 2006. C. G. Feng, Q. Li, Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med. 2006, 28, 94. N. Uchiyama, F. Kiuchi, M. Ito, G. Honda, Y. Takeda, O. K. Khodzhimatov, O. A. Ashurmetov, Download 0.51 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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