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I n d e x
anxiety, growth of, 161–3, 182,
189–90
Armley Gaol Leeds 38–9, 46, 53
Australia 10, 11, 81, 144;
abolition of public executions 33;
increases in crime 164–5;
rates of imprisonment 146, 157,
177, 181, 187, 193;
prison architecture and location 36;
prison farms 49;
prison inquiries 143;
provincial prison building 59
axis of penal power 137, 151,
161–2, 181–4
Baker, P. 103, 106, 113, 116–7,
119, 154
Balfour, J. 100, 105, 107–8,
111–5, 117
Bauman, Z. 2, 6–9, 14, 38, 183
Behan, B. 102, 119, 122
Bender, J. 40, 42
Bidwell, A. 100, 111, 119
Birdman of Alcatraz 91–2
British Columbia, prison reports
10, 14;
prison riots 156
bureaucratic forces, bureaucratization
3, 7–9, 13, 24–5, 32, 55, 66–7,
75, 81, 113, 116–7 121–138,
141, 146, 148, 163, 166,
172, 183, 187
bureaucratic rationalism
1–2, 9, 166–7, 173–4, 179,
182, 186
Canada 10–11;
crime rate 164–5, 192–3;
death penalty, executions 26,
28–30, 33–4;
federal prison reports 14;
indigenous justice 184;
penal language 90, 93–4;
prison architecture and location
36–7, 48, 50–1, 58;
prison diet 66, 71, 73–4, 120;
prison inquiries 143–4;
prison population 164;
prison uniform 76, 79;
populist punitiveness 163;
rates of imprisonment 146, 177
carnival, at public executions 1, 9,
15–16, 19–24, 27, 35, 40
Carpenter, M. 83–4, 95, 138–9
chain gangs 147, 184
Christie, N. 2, 8–9, 146, 177, 186
central state authority 30–31, 67,
122, 125–7, 134–5, 147–8,
163, 166–7, 181, 184
civilization 1–3, 7–8, 10, 12–13,
15, 18–19, 22, 25, 83–4,
124–5, 130–131, 137, 139,
142, 159, 191;
breakdown of, 152–165
civilizing process 3–6, 9–10, 67,
138, 166, 177, 182
community alternatives to
prison 157–8, 161–2, 171
complaints by prisoners 19, 131,
133, 160
control units 160–1, 165

Crime, Justice and Protecting the
Public 1990, 171, 180
crime trends 163–5, 181,
183, 192–3
Croft-Cooke, R. 102–3, 106, 108, 110,
112–4, 118–9
culture 4, 54, 124, 147, 155, 183
Dartmoor 58, 77, 89, 99–100,
103, 109, 112, 118
Davitt, M. 13, 99–100, 114–5,
133, 135
death penalty, executions 15–16,
20–27, 31, 34, 146–8,
abolition of 10, 18–19, 21, 23–5,
30–33, 83–4;
debates on 14, 27–8, 32;
electric chair 26;
lethal injection 26, 174;
reintroduction of 173, 184, 190 
decivilization, decivilizing
forces 6, 8–9
Deep South, Southern United States
147, 151, 164, 180, 189
Dickens, C. 19–21, 25, 39, 42, 55,
58, 63–4, 81–3, 143
Dixon, W. Hepworth 39–40, 42–3,
55, 124
Du Cane, E. 26, 47, 66, 75, 85,
89, 133–5, 137, 139, 144, 149
Elias, N. 3–6, 8, 11, 13–14
elites, middle class, penal reform
groups 9, 17–20, 25, 27, 41–2,
55, 77, 81, 86, 92, 136, 148,
162, 174
escapes from prison 142, 151
established-outsider groups 6, 69, 74,
90, 99, 107, 119, 154
fear, of convicts 81–6;
of crime  153, 163, 189;
of others 7;
of police 126
figurations, configurations, 5, 14,
128, 151, 162
Fletcher, J. 2, 6, 8, 14
floggings 1, 16, 33, 86, 90, 121
Fox, L. 90, 142, 150
functional democratization 4, 146
Galsworthy, J. 124–5, 137, 144
Garland, D. 4, 40, 42, 177, 181, 189
Gatrell, V. 16, 24, 34
general public, anti death penalty 31;
anti bureaucratic forces 125;
anti prison reform 149–151;
common sense of 33, 185;
curiosity to prisoners 57–8, 142;
disinterest 125, 138, 141–2;
exclusion from punishment 25,
27, 40, 127, 148;
ignorance of 124, 126, 137, 139;
exclusion from prisons 55–6;
growth of punitiveness 182–4;
involvement in punishment 25, 138;
lack of sympathy 10;
led by government 31–2, 169;
pro death penalty 30, 34;
pro deterrence 130;
Georgia, rates of imprisonment
146, 177;
penal arrangements 147–8;
penal language 179;
prison conditions 178, 192;
prison reports 10, 14;
prison tours 178
Gulag 1, 8–9, 13, 184–8
habitus 5, 8, 115, 139, 183
heterophobia 8, 183
Holloway prison 38, 146
Holocaust 6–8, 14
Howard, J. 39, 41, 44, 61–2, 74, 126
humanitarianism 10, 66, 83–4, 87,
90, 97, 106, 150, 158, 162, 167
indifference 7–8, 121, 138–42,
149, 189
inspection 123, 125, 127, 129,
134, 141, 143, 169, 187
interdependencies 5, 122, 128,
146–7, 182
Jock of Dartmoor 57, 100, 105
Kingston federal penitentiary 48, 50
law and order 166–7, 173
less eligibility 61–3, 65–6, 68, 125
lockstep 75–6, 80
210
I N D E X

McCartney, W. 101, 109, 114, 118
McConville, S. 135, 143
managerialism 168, 171, 177
mandatory sentencing 167, 185
Mannings, execution of 19–22
Mayhew, H. and Binny, J. 37, 46–7,
64, 75, 107, 124
Megan’s law 185, 188
memoirs, prison biographies 11–14,
97–120, 124, 129, 138, 142,
144, 154
Mennell, S. 4–6, 72, 164
Millbank prison 39, 65, 99, 123
Nazi Germany 2, 28–9, 190
neo-liberalism 166–7, 174, 181–2
Newgate prison 16, 24, 26, 37, 40,
61, 99, 125
New South Wales 10–11;
colonial history 6;
crime trends 192;
death penalty 29, 31, 33–4;
general diet 80;
rates of imprisonment 157, 173, 177;
penal language 88–9, 94;
prison conditions 65–6, 73, 76, 79;
prison inquiries 143;
prison reports 14;
prison riots 156;
New York state 10–11;
Black Moslem prisoners 155;
death penalty 26, 33;
penal language 94, 179;
populist punitiveness 183–4;
prison building program 171;
prison conditions 56, 66, 71, 74, 76;
prison design 48;
prison inquiries 143;
prison reports 14;
public works prisoners 56;
rates of imprisonment 165, 177, 184
New Zealand 10–11,
colonial history 65;
death penalty 29, 31, 33–4, 193;
general diet 80;
indigenous justice 184;
penal language 90;
prison conditions 66, 71, 76;
prison design 48;
prison disturbances 153;
prison inquiries 143;
prison farms 49,
public opposition to prisons 50, 59;
public works prisoners 56;
rates of imprisonment 146,
157–8, 173, 177
nutrition, science of 64, 69–70, 72
One who has endured it 99, 104,
108, 133–4, 144
Ontario 10–11,
prison reports 14;
prison uniform 76
opinion polls 30, 163, 182
Paterson, A. 77, 89, 110
penal authorities 24–25, 49, 71,
77, 85, 97, 106, 113, 121–2,
128, 130, 136, 142, 149–50,
152–3, 159–62, 160, 168
penal experts, expert knowledge
28–30, 33, 65, 69–70, 87, 90,
126, 129, 146, 150, 153,
157, 159, 167, 180, 185, 189
penal language 12, 81–97, 19–20,
160, 176, 178–9
Pentonville prison 35–37, 42–43,
46–49, 55, 58, 64, 75, 98,
107, 123, 129, 143
Phelan, J. 102, 109, 111, 114, 120
populist punitiveness, new punitiveness
163, 166, 173, 177–83, 186
prison, annual reports on 11–14;
architecture of 37, 37–40,
42–43, 47–48, 155, 174–5;
chaplains 12, 105, 117–8, 122,
127, 129;
clothing 12, 56–57, 64, 74–79,
104–7, 112–3, 154, 176;
deteriorating conditions in 156–7,
169–70, 178–9;
diet 12, 60–74, 98–104, 118–9,
121, 124, 129–32, 154, 175–6;
doctors 116–7, 127–8, 130;
hygiene 12, 74–9, 107–110, 126,
131, 135, 154, 176;
invisibility of 51–54, 175;
location of 44–54;
officers 54, 94, 98, 117–20, 122,
125, 127–8, 130, 133, 154,
160–1, 165, 168;
I N D E X
211

new building program 171;
political prisoners 13–14, 98, 131;
prisoners’ internalization of
subjection 110–126;
prisoners’ rights 133, 155, 161, 164;
private prisons 170–1;
public works prisoners 56,
67, 139–40;
unwanted buildings 9, 12, 150;
transports 56–8, 113–4;
visiting 55–6, 140–1, 178;
violence and disorder 118–19, 122,
125–128, 133, 138, 147,
152–54, 168, 172;
‘prison works’ 179–80, 185
Protecting the Public 1995, 180
public punishments, continuance in
Southern United States 147;
decline of 16, 25;
reappearance of 180–1
Radzinowicz, L. 17, 19;
and Hood, R. 96, 143
Reading prison 38
Report from the Select Committee
of the House of Lords on Prison
Discipline 1864, 62, 127, 129
Report of the Committee appointed
to Consider and Report upon
Dietaries of Local Prisons 1878,
68–9, 132
Report of the Committee Appointed
to Enquire into the Workings of
the Penal Servitude Acts 1879,
104, 133, 135
Report of the Committee appointed
to Inquire into the Operation of
the Acts relating to Transportation
and Penal Servitude 1863, 79, 86
Report of the Committee of Inquiry
on Prison Rules and Prison Dress
1878, 75
Report of the Commissioners on
the Treatment of Treason-Felony
Convicts 1867, 1871, 68, 86, 131–2
Report of the Gladstone Committee
1895, 87–88, 136–7
Report of the Inquiry into Prison
Escapes and Security 1966,
144, 155
Rossa, J. 98–100, 104, 107, 111, 114
Ruggles-Brise, E. 13, 89–90, 137
scandal 68, 137, 141–2, 151, 153, 191
Scandinavian countries, rates of
imprisonment 145;
prison conditions 146
self restraint 5, 7–8
sensibilities, for workhouse inmates 64;
to disturbing events 139;
to prison conditions 158;
to prisoners 56–58, 69, 76, 86,
89, 91, 137;
to sight of prisons 30, 41, 46, 54;
to suffering 4–5, 9–10, 17,
19–21, 24–26, 28
shame, humiliation 17, 56–7, 75–6,
104–8, 112–3, 115, 159, 169;
reintegrative shaming, restorative
justice 181, 189
Sim, J. 160;
and Fitzgerald, M. 157
Simon, J. 177, 185;
and Feely, M. 167
Sing Sing prison 48, 66, 71
Society for the Improvement of
Prison Discipline 41, 45, 74, 123
Tallack, W. 84, 104–5, 124
Thackeray, W. 18–19, 25
three strikes laws 185, 193
ticket of leave 89, 96
tolerance 147, 151, 154, 182
totalitarianism 31–2, 34
treatment, rehabilitation 91, 93–4,
121, 148, 156, 165, 180
United States 3, 10–11, 26, 90,
147, 186–7;
crime trends 163–5, 173, 192–3;
death penalty, executions 29, 31,
33–34, 173–4, 184, 190;
general diet 80;
law and order 166–7;
prison architecture and location
36, 38–9;
prison conditions 66, 75, 162;
prison disturbances 153, 156;
prison movies 144;
prisoner memoirs 14;
212
I N D E X

I N D E X
213
rates of imprisonment 146,
157–8, 186, 189;
super-max prisons 178, 187
urban development 50, 54, 67–9
Victoria 10–11, bureaucratic
reorganization 158;
death penalty, executions 31, 33–4;
penal language 89;
prison architecture and location
36, 48;
prison conditions 71–2, 79;
prison disturbances 156;
prison population 157, 164, 177, 190;
private prisons 170–1;
public opposition to prisons 50;
public disinterest in penal
reform 139–40;
public works prisoners 56
vigilantism 1, 147, 164, 189, 191
violent, sexual criminals 158, 167,
180, 185–6, 188
welfare state 63–5, 68, 149
Wildblood, P. 102, 106, 115
Wood, S. 101, 105, 109, 113–4,
116, 118, 120
workhouse 63–5, 68, 149
Wormwood Scrubs prison 47–8, 50,
58, 93, 107–8, 114, 119, 154