© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Switzerland AG 2021
H. Øverby, J. A. Audestad, Introduction
to Digital Economics,
Classroom Companion: Business,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78237-5_15
217
Standards
Contents
15.1
Why Standards? – 218
15.2
Standards Organizations – 220
15.2.1
ITU – 220
15.2.2
ETSI – 221
15.2.3
3GPP – 222
15.2.4
Internet Society – 223
15.2.5
World Wide Web Consortium – 224
15.2.6
Institute of Electrical
and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE) – 224
15.3
Market Implications
of Standards – 225
15.4
Standards and Interconnectiv-
ity, Interoperability, and
Backward Compatibility – 226
15.5
Standards for Trust
and Security – 227
15.6
Conclusions – 229
Reference – 230
15
218
15
n
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
5
Explain the necessity of developing
standards for systems, protocols, and other
functionalities of the information and communication technology
to ensure
interoperability and interconnectivity between devices and systems.
5
Provide examples of organizations responsible for developing different types of
standards and identify the organization that is likely to
have specified a standard
for a particular technology.
5
Analyze the impacts of standards on the market for digital services, and, in
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