Classroom Companion: Business

 
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Exercises
1. Describe the ecosystem for Apples App store.
2. Describe the ecosystem of Uber.
 
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Answers
1. Apple, app developers using the app development platform of Apple, third par-
ties required for management of the particular app (e.g., providers of supple-
mentary content, payment systems, cloud computing), mobile network 
operators and the technological platform they offer, other network providers, 
smartphone manufacturers (e.g., operating system), standards organizations 
(e.g., 3GPP) specifying the basic technology supporting apps and other con-
tent, regulatory authorities (e.g., violations of law and license conditions), and 
app users (e.g., usefulness of app, cost of usage).
2. Uber depends on technologies such as the smartphone, mobile broadband net-
works (e.g., 4G and 5G), GPS, and digital payment system, among others. In 
addition, Uber depends on local authorities and the legislations in the areas 
they operate. Since Uber hires drivers as a part of their business model, they 
will have formal contracts with these drivers and may also be dependent on 
labor unions and other local rules.
References
Audestad, J. A. (2007). Internet as a multiple graph structure: The role of the transport layer. 
Information Security Technical Report, 12(1).
Court of Justice of the European Union. (2017, December 20). The service provided by Uber connect-
ing with non-professional drivers is covered by services in the field of transport.
Durlauf, S. N. (1998). What should policymakers know about economic complexity? The Washington 
Quarterly, 21(1).
Gara, T. (2014). Skype’s incredible rise, in one image. The Wall Street Journal.
Lafferty, K. D., & Morris, A. K. (1996). Altered behavior of parasitized killifish increases susceptibil-
ity to predation by bird final hosts. Ecology, 77(5).
Moore, J. F.. (1993, May–June). Predators and prey: A new ecology of competition. Harvard Business 
Review.
Muegge, S. (2013, February). Platforms, communities, and business ecosystems: Lessons learned about 
technology entrepreneurship in an interconnected world. Technology Innovation Management 
Review.
Tuohey, P. (2018, January 10). Cities and state are struggling to regulate Airbnb. The Hill.
References

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© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 
Switzerland AG 2021
H. Øverby, J. A. Audestad, Introduction to Digital Economics, 
Classroom Companion: Business,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78237-5_5
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