Climate and weater

Air temperature. Air temperature – the degree of air heating determined by thermometers and thermographs is one of the most important characteristics of weather and climate, which has a direct impact on humans, animals, plants, the operation of mechanisms, etc. The maximum temperature of +58 ° C was recorded in September 1922 in the Tripoli region (North Africa), the minimum -89 ° C in July 1983 at the Vostok station in Antarctica.
The air temperature largely depends on how the sun's rays fall on this part of the earth's surface. The surface warms up and begins to transfer heat to the atmosphere. The temperature difference creates changes in air pressure on the earth's surface. Pressure drops create a movement of air called wind. There are zones of high and low pressure. With a difference in atmospheric pressure, air moves from high-pressure zones to low-pressure zones to equalize the pressure on the entire surface.
Areas of high and low pressure are constantly moving across the earth's surface, creating air movement and carrying air masses with them. When two air masses with different characteristics meet, air cannot move freely, and a kind of boundary called an atmospheric front is formed between them. Weather in the areas of action of atmospheric fronts is accompanied by cloudiness, precipitation, an increase in wind speed and a sharp change in air temperature.
Passing through the Earth's atmosphere and meeting clouds, dust and water vapor on their way, the sun's rays are partially absorbed or reflected into the world space. Only about 40% of the solar energy coming to the upper limit of the atmosphere reaches the earth's surface. At the same time, the incoming radiant energy of the Sun gives the earth's surface light, heat and energy for almost all chemical transformations of terrestrial matter that occur on the earth's surface. The amount of incoming solar energy naturally decreases from the equator to the poles, depending on the angle of incidence of the sun's rays and the length of their path through the atmosphere. Atmospheric heat also changes in the same direction.
The surface of the Earth has a different reflectivity of the sun's rays falling on it (the size of the albedo). For this reason, different parts of the surface absorb heat and heat up differently. Uneven heating of the earth's surface sets in motion air and water masses seeking to equalize the temperature. Interconnected air and sea currents carry a huge amount of heat from place to place.