Collaboration of scientists aiming to improve the understanding of the Columbia River Estuary and Coastal Margins on a molecular and systematic scale Collaboration of scientists aiming to improve the understanding of the Columbia River Estuary and Coastal Margins on a molecular and systematic scaleNational Science Foundation CenterPartnership with OHSU, University of Washington, Oregon State University
Border of Oregon and Washington Border of Oregon and WashingtonColumbia River spills into the Pacific Ocean
Second largest estuary in United States Second largest estuary in United StatesColumbia River flowing into the Pacific OceanTransition zoneMixing between fresh and salt waterInfluence of tides
Science and Technology University Research Network Science and Technology University Research NetworkCombination of endurance stations and mobile sensors- Stations, drifters, gliders
Includes numerical representation of Columbia RiverStations and models encompass estuary, plume and shelf
Set of mathematical equations that represent physical processes and properties applied over a chosen space. The space is broken down into multiple segments that form a grid. Salinity values are determined for each piece of the grid Set of mathematical equations that represent physical processes and properties applied over a chosen space. The space is broken down into multiple segments that form a grid. Salinity values are determined for each piece of the grid
Endurance Station Endurance StationCT at 7.9 metersSalinity and temperature
Endurance Station Endurance StationSaturn Observation NetworkCT at 14.3 metersSalinity and temperature
Endurance Station Endurance StationSaturn Observation NetworkCT at 6.5 metersSalinity and temperature
Comparing simulated data versus observed data to understand salinity variability in the Columbia River Estuary and what causes the differences between what the model predicts and what the data shows. Comparing simulated data versus observed data to understand salinity variability in the Columbia River Estuary and what causes the differences between what the model predicts and what the data shows.
Tides Tides- Mixing of salt and fresh water and also effects the salt water intrusion upstream of the mouth
River dischargeWind- Upwelling and Downwelling
Tide Cycle: Tide Cycle:- 12.4 hours between high and low tide
Spring tides- Occur during full and new moons
- Low salt water intrusion
Neap Tides- Occur during quarter moons
- High salt water intrusion
Majority of fresh water in the estuary flows through Bonneville Dam, 140 miles east of estuary Majority of fresh water in the estuary flows through Bonneville Dam, 140 miles east of estuaryFresh water not flowing through Bonneville, comes from Willamette River, other forms of precipitation, tributaries
Wind blows from north along the coast in a southern direction Wind blows from north along the coast in a southern directionUsually occurs during summer monthsUpwelling causes more salt water intrusion during summer months
Wind blows from south along the coast in a northern direction Wind blows from south along the coast in a northern directionUsually occurs during winter monthsDownwelling causes less salt water intrusion during the winter months
MATLAB- Data analysis tool, similar to Excel
- Graphing
- Statistical analysis
- Commands
- Workspaces
Programs to access data from database through systems of queries and commands Programs to access data from database through systems of queries and commandsData is imported into MATLAB for use
Takes data points and uses a moving average function to smooth them over a specified period of time Takes data points and uses a moving average function to smooth them over a specified period of time- Usually over a day or week
Creating plot configurations which include: Creating plot configurations which include:- A comparison between modeled and observed salinity at stations Sand Island, Astoria-Megler Bridge, and Cathlamet Bay
- Discharge
- Tides
- Wind velocity
From west to east2 weeks4 weeksAnnual
Objective: To view short term trends between tides, discharge, wind direction and salinity values Objective: To view short term trends between tides, discharge, wind direction and salinity valuesGraphs of sandi, am169, cbnc03Graphs of tides, discharge and wind velocity
SandI SandI- Minimum simulated values are less than observed values by 2-5psu
- Maximum simulated values 0-3psu less than observed values
- Most accurate of the three stations
Am169 Am169- Simulated values show similar trends as observed values but incorrect values
- Simulated values are more accurate during the transitions from spring to neap tides, and are less accurate during transitions from neap to spring tides
- Pattern nonexistent during periods of high discharge
- Simulated values are most accurate during periods of low discharge with spring tides
Cbnc03 Cbnc03- Salinity values are greater during the transition from neap to spring tides and decrease during the transition from spring to neap tides
- Occurs only during low river discharge
- February 5th- End of March; simulated values indicate increased salinity when observed values indicate little or no salinity
Objective: To view seasonal patterns for 2009 during periods of high and low discharge Objective: To view seasonal patterns for 2009 during periods of high and low dischargeGraphs of Sandi, am169- Smoothed to 1 week, original data
Graphs of tides and discharge
Difference between simulated and observed values is close to 0 psu during spring to neap transitions Difference between simulated and observed values is close to 0 psu during spring to neap transitionsAt am169, difference between simulated and observed values are up to 12 psu transitioning from neap to spring tidesAt Sandi, difference between simulated and observed values are up to 7 psu transitioning from neap to spring tides
During highest discharge: difference between simulated and observed values is consistent at ≈5 psu (Am169) or ≈2 psu (Sandi) During highest discharge: difference between simulated and observed values is consistent at ≈5 psu (Am169) or ≈2 psu (Sandi)Once discharge begins to drop transitional differences emerge
Objective: To view long term trends between tides, discharge, wind direction and salinity values Objective: To view long term trends between tides, discharge, wind direction and salinity valuesGraphs of Sandi and am169Graphs of tides, discharge and wind velocity
Sandi Sandi- Constant difference between simulated and observed values of 3-5 psu during the year
- Salinity values for both simulated and observed drop when river discharge increase, and rise as river discharge drops
am169- Observed values show a monthly fluctuation that is not apparent in the simulated values
- Salinity values for both simulated and observed drop when river discharge increase, and rise as discharge drops
2 weeks 2 weeks- Pros: see the small patterns and easy viewing
- Cons: no long term trends
4 weeks- Pros: can see some long term trends, effects of discharge are more visible.
- Cons: too crowded, only seasonal
Annual- Pros: see long term trends
- Cons: no short term trends, no slight fluctuations
Look at multiple years to find trends in simulated data versus observed data Look at multiple years to find trends in simulated data versus observed dataRepeat data analysis after changes to the model have been implementedEl Niño and La Niña influence in past years Create plot configurations for temperature (2 weeks, 6 months, annual)Create plot configurations using 6 month segments instead of 4 week segments
Create plot configurations for velocity data to see if similar trends to the salinity data exist Create plot configurations for velocity data to see if similar trends to the salinity data exist
Statistical analysis on simulated data and observed data Statistical analysis on simulated data and observed data
Pat Welle Pat WelleDr.Antonio BaptistaDr. Grant LawDr. Charles SeatonKaren WegnerBonnie GibbsElizabeth WoodyNational Science FoundationSaturday Academy- Apprenticeship in Science and Engineering(ASE)
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