Comparative liguistics: subject matter, types, tasks and approaches

COMPARATIVE LIGUISTICS: subject matter, types, tasks and approaches

Student: UMAROVA GAVKHAR

Group: 11

PLAN:

• Subject matter of Comparative Linguistics;
• Types of CL;
• Tasks of CL;
• Aim of CL;
• Methods.

SUBJECT MATTER OF CL

• CL is the study of the relationships or correspondences between two or more languages and the techniques used to discover whether the languages have a common ancestor.
• Comparative linguistics, or comparative-historical linguistics (formerly comparative philology) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.

An education in Comparative Linguistics includes the study of the key dimensions along which languages tend to be organized:

• An education in Comparative Linguistics includes the study of the key dimensions along which languages tend to be organized:
• - phonetics (the study of speech production and perception)
• - phonology (how sounds or gestures function together in differentiating words)
• - morphology (the formation and composition of words)
• - syntax (the formation and composition of sentences)
• - semantics (the study of meaning)
• - pragmatics (how context influences meaning)

Cross-cutting these dimensions are specialized (but often overlapping) sub-disciplines that examine linguistic structures from different perspectives:

• Cross-cutting these dimensions are specialized (but often overlapping) sub-disciplines that examine linguistic structures from different perspectives:
• - historical linguistics: individual languages and their relations over time
• - linguistic typology: the distribution and evolution of structural types worldwide
• - sociolinguistics: language from a social perspective
• - anthropological linguistics: the relations between language, culture and evolution
• - neuro- and psycholinguistics: language from cognitive and neurobiological perspectives
• - computational linguistics: language as a computational problem
• - corpus linguistics: patterns in discourse, typically using statistical methods
• - philology: individual languages in historical texts

TASKS OF CL

• The fundamental technique of comparative linguistics is to compare phonological systems, morphological systems, syntax and the lexicon of two or more languages using techniques such as the comparative method.

What are the types of comparative linguistics?

• Comparative Linguistics:
• English Language.
• Diachronic Linguistics.
• Linguistics.
• Indo-European Languages.
• Historiography.
• Linguists.
• Language Family.

What is the aim of comparative linguistics?

• Its ultimate aim is to understand the universals that govern language, and the range of types found in the world's languages in respect of any particular feature (word order or vowel system, for example).