Conditionals / Wishes / Unreal Past If you exercised more'

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Conditionals / Wishes / Unreal Past
• Conditionals are usually introduced by if or unless (= if not - normally used with type 1 
conditionals). The following expressions can be used instead of ‘if: providing, provided 
(that), as long as, in case, on condition (that), but for (= without), otherwise, or else, what 
if, supposing, even if, only if.
If you don’t reserve a ticket, you won't get a seat.
Unless you resen/e a ticket, you won’t get a seat. (NOT: Unless you don't reservo ...)
You will get a seat providing/provided (that)las long as/only if you resen/e a ticket.
Only if you resen/e a ticket will you get a seat.
(When we begin the sentence with “only if” , we 
invert the subject and the verb of the result clause.)
Reserve a ticket, otherwise I or else you won’t get a seat.
What if it rains, will you still go for a picnic with him?
Supposing it rains, will you still go for a picnic with him?
Will you still go for a picnic with him even if it rains?
But for him, I wouldn't have been able to pass the test.
(If it hadn’t been for him - without his helpj
• The future tense is not normally used with an if-clause. Unless you leave now, you will be late. 
(NOT: Unless you will leave ...) If you pay, you will get a receipt. (NOT: If you will pay ...)
• After ‘if we normally use were instead of was in all persons in type 
2 
conditionals in formal 
situations. Was is mainly used in spoken English.
If I werelwas you, I wouldn’t buy such an expensive dress.
• We do not normally use will, would or should in an //-clause. However, we can use will, 
would, should in conditionals to make a request or express insistence, annoyance, doubt 
or uncertainty. If you will/would calm down for a minute, I will be able to help you.
(request 
-
Will 
you please calm down?)
If you will make that noise, I'll send you out.
(insistence - If you insist on making that noise ...)
If you will take my iPod again without asking, I'll never lend you anything, (annoyance - If you do 
that again, I'll be very annoyed.)
If you should need any help, ask me.
(uncertainty - I am not sure you will need help.)
• We can omit ‘if. When we omit ‘if’ should, were and had (past perfect) come before the subject. 
If he should turn up, tell him to wait for me.
-* 
Should he turn up, tell him to wait for me.
If I were you, I would speak to her.
-» 
Were I you, I would speak to her.
If he had known, he would have told us.
-*
Had he known, he would have told us.
If you w ant to try New York cuisine, go to K a tz ’s Deli. I t ’s fam ous fo r its h o t dogs.
A
1 I 
f
I try New York cuisine
I 2 | | go clothes shopping
I 3 [ | stay at a luxury hotel
I 4 | I get a great view of the city
5 [ I enjoy thrilling rides
6 1 | see an entertaining musical
A friend of yours is going to New York City. You have been there before. What 
information do you give him/her? First, match the items in column A to the ones 
in column B, then make sentences, as in the example.
a
b
c
d
e
f
B
Broadway Avenue (the centre of 
the American theatre industry)
The Plaza Hotel (has a pool and 
a spa)
The Empire State Building (the 
tallest building in New York City) 
Macy’s (the second largest 
department store in the world) 
Coney Island (has a number of 
amusement parks)
Katz’s Deli (famous for its hot dogs)
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1 not forget/set alarm -* not wake up/late
. 
.If. &.en h a d n ’t. fo rg o tte n , to. s e t th e .a la rm , 
. .be. wouldn’t have woken.up. la te
................
2 not wake up/late -* not miss/bus
3 not miss/bus -* not go/cafe
4 not go/cafe -* not meet/singer
5 not meet/singer -» not get/free tickets to concert
2 
Write sentences using the ideas in the pictures, as in the example.