- Skinner’s Experiment
- Studied operant conditioning by using the “Skinner Box”
- His experiment demonstrated reinforcement, or the process by which a stimulus (food) increases the chances that a preceding behavior (a rat pressing a lever) will occur again
- Knowledge of results is often all the reinforcement that people need to learn new skills
II. Operant Conditioning - Reinforcement, defined as the strengthening of a response, will increase the chances of a behavior being repeated
- There are different types of reinforcement
- Example Dog learning to lay down will receive a treat from the owner
II. Operant Conditioning - Types of Reinforcements
- Positive reinforcers increase the frequency of a behavior when presented
- Person receives something he or she wants following the behavior
- Negative reinforcers increase the frequency of a behavior when they are removed
- Behavior is reinforced because something unwanted stops happening or is removed following the behavior
II. Operant Conditioning - Rewards and Punishments
- Rewards Like positive reinforcement, rewards help encourage learning
- Some psychologists, however, prefer positive reinforcement
- Punishments Quite different from negative reinforcers
- Punishments are unwanted events that decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow
II. Operant Conditioning - The effectiveness of reinforcement depends on the schedule of reinforcement
- When and how often the reinforcement occurs is known as schedule of reinforcement
- There are different types of schedules that can be followed
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