Content introduction chapter word order in english language finding the basic word order functions of sentence word order

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1. WORD ORDER IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1.1 FINDING THE BASIC WORD ORDER
1.2 FUNCTIONS OF SENTENCE WORD ORDER
1.3 SUBJECT-AUXILIARY AND SUBJECT-VERB INVERSION
1.4 IN OTHER LANGUAGES
CHAPTER 2 . INVERSION AND THE MEANS OF ITS TRANSLATION
2.1 EXAMPLES FOR INVERSION AND WORD ORDER
2.2 THEORETICAL ANALYSES
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION
" It is time to establish a new system in our country, which will be a solid foundation for the future of teaching foreign languages. Since we have set ourselves the goal of building a competitive state, from now on graduates of schools, lyceums, colleges and universities must perfectly know at least 2 foreign languages. This strict requirement should become the main criterion of the activities of the head of each educational institution".¹ said SHAVKAT MIRZIYOYEV.
Phonology is the department of linguistics involved with the study of speech sounds with reference to their distribution and patterning. The adjective for the time period is "phonological." A linguist who specializes in phonology is regarded as a pathologist.
In "Fundamental Concepts in Phonology," Ken Lodge observes that phonology "is about variations of that means signaled via sound." As mentioned below, the boundaries between the fields of phonology and phonetics are no longer usually sharply defined.
"One way to recognize the issue rely of phonology is to contrast it with other fields within linguistics. A very brief explanation is that phonology is the find out about of sound buildings in language, which is different from the find out about of sentence constructions (syntax), phrase structures (morphology), or how languages exchange over time (historical linguistics). But this is insufficient. An essential characteristic of the structure of a sentence is how it is pronounced—its sound structure. The pronunciation of a given phrase is also a indispensable part of the shape of a word. And honestly the ideas of pronunciation in a language are situation to exchange over time. So phonology has a relation to numerous domains of linguistics."
"The aim of phonology is to find out the ideas that govern the way sounds are prepared in languages and to give an explanation for the variants that occur. We begin by means of analyzing an individual language to determine which sound devices are used and which patterns they form—the language's sound system. We then compare the homes of one of a kind sound systems, and work out hypotheses about the policies underlying the use of sounds in particular companies of languages. Ultimately, phonologists favor to make statements that follow to all languages.
English word order is strict and rather inflexible. As there are few endings in English that show person, number, case and tense, English relies on word order to show relationships between words in a sentence.
In Russian, we rely on word endings to tell us how words interact in a sentence. You probably remember the example made up by Academician L.V. Scherba in order to show the work of endings and suffixes in Russian. (No English translation for this example.) Everything we need to know about the interaction of the characters in this Russian sentence, we learn from the endings and suffixes. English nouns do not have any case endings (only personal pronouns have some case endings), so it is mostly the word order that tells us where things are in a sentence, and how they interact.
Compare:
The dog sees the cat.
Собака видит кошку.
The cat sees the dog.
Кошка видит собаку.
The subject and the object in these sentences are completely the same in form. How do you know who sees whom? The rules of English word order tell us about it.
In linguistics, word order typology refers to the study of the order of the syntactic constituents of a language, and how different languages can employ different orders. Correlations between orders found in different syntactic subdomains are also of interest. Some languages have relatively restrictive word orders, often relying on the order of constituents to convey important grammatical information. Others, often those that convey grammatical information through inflection, allow more flexibility which can be used to encode pragmatic information such as topicalization or focus. Most languages however have some preferred word order which is used most frequently. For most languages, basic word order can be defined in terms of the finite verb (V) and its arguments, the subject (S) and object (O). The latter are typically noun phrases, although some languages do not have a major word class of nouns. There are six theoretically possible basic word orders for the transitive sentence: subject verb object (SVO), subject object verb (SOV), verb subject object (VSO), verb object subject (VOS), object subject verb (OSV) and object verb subject (OVS). The overwhelming majority of the world's languages are either SVO or SOV, with a much smaller but still significant portion using VSO word order. The remaining three arrangements are exceptionally rare, with VOS being slightly more common than OVS, and OSV being significantly more rare than two preceding ones.
Inversion which was briefly mentioned in the definition of chiasmus is very often used as an independent SD in which the direct word order is changed either completely so that the predicate (predicative) precedes the subject, or partially so that the object precedes the subject-predicate pair. Correspondingly, we differentiate between a partial and a complete inversion. The stylistic device of inversion should not be confused with grammatical inversion which is a norm in interrogative constructions. Stylistic inversion deals with the rearrangement of the normative word order. Questions may also be rearranged: "Your mother is at home?" asks one of the characters of J. Baldwin's novel. The inverted 'question presupposes the answer with more certainty than the normative one. It is the assuredness of the speaker of the positive answer that constitutes additional information which is brought into the question by the inverted word order. Interrogative constructions with the direct word order may be viewed as cases of two-step (double) inversion: direct w / o ---> grammatical inversion ---> direct w / o.