Contents introduction chapter definition and concepts of the methods of simultaneous interpretation

Relay interpretation
Relay interpretation is your best mode when there are no interpreters available for a particular language pair. For example, if Finnish to Latvian interpreters are missing, a mediating process could take place. In this case, a Finnish interpreter would interpret the speech into a more commonly spoken language – English. Another interpreter would provide English to Latvian interpretation, thus covering the rarely spoken language.
Relay interpretation requires precision and synchronization, and interpreters can do it both simultaneously and consecutively. The downside of relay interpreting is long delays: on average, relay interpretation is longer than any other mode of interpretation.
To further explain the process of relay interpreting, it means that a proxy language is used when the direct interpreters between two languages are not available. If the working languages for a conference, for example are Arabic, German and English and the event organizer cannot find an Arabic-German interpreter, the recourse is to book the services of Arabic-English interpreter and a German-English interpreter. You can see that the common language is English, which in relay interpreting, is called the pivot language.
Relay interpreting can be applied to large conferences where multiple languages are involved, such as UN conferences, but it can also be used in smaller meetings when there are no available direct interpreters for the working languages.
The process can be used for sign language interpreting as well. For example, in the United States, American Sign Language (ASL) is used. If a deaf person from a foreign country does not know ASL, he or she can use home signs or informal sign language. The deaf interpreter then interprets this into ASL, which in turn is rendered into English by an interpreter with normal hearing.
It requires additional equipment. In simultaneous conference interpretations, the usual interpreting setup consists of microphone, headset and transmitter for the interpreters who are housed inside interpreters’ booths. Headsets and receivers are provided for the conference attendees. In relay interpreting, an interpretation console is needed. The console should be able to receive transmission from the other interpreters as well as send transmissions to other receivers.
Although relay interpreting is quite effective for international meetings were there are multiple working languages, the process does have its own set of problems.

1. 
   Accuracy is one of the most obvious problem when it comes to relay interpreting. In normal situations, it is already difficult to precisely capture the entire meaning of the original. Therefore, accuracy is affected the more times the message is rendered into another language. It is important to limit the number of ”relays” to avoid the loss of tone, connotation and meaning of the original message.
   
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