Contents Introduction Chapter I. Theoretical review to abbreviations

CHAPTER II. INTERNET ABBREVIATIONS IN PRESENT DAY ENGLISH.
2.1. Graphical abbreviations. Acronyms.
Because of the ever closer connection between the oral and the written forms of the language it is sometimes difficult to differentiate clippings coined in oral speech from graphical abbreviations. The latter often pass into oral speech and become widely used in conversation.
During World War I and later the custom became very popular not only in English- speaking countries, but in other parts of the world as well, to call countries, governmental, social, military, industrial and trade organizations and officials not by their full titles but by initial abbreviations derived from writing: the USSR, the UN, the U.N.O. Such words formed from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term are called acronyms. Two possible types of ortho epic correlation between written and spoken forms should be noted:
1. If the abbreviated written form can be read as though it were an ordinary. English word it will be read like one. Many examples are furnished by political and technical vocabulary. U.N.E.S.C.O. , also Unesco
[ ju:’neskou ] United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, U.N.O., also Una [ ‘ju:nou ] United Nations Organization, U.N.R.R.A., also Unrra [ an’ra: ]- United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, etc. A new recent technical terms may be mentioned to Must rate this type such as jato, laser, maser and more than twenty years old radar. JATO or jato means jet- assisted take-off. Laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission radiation. I radar for radio detection and ranging denotes a system for aircraft ships, casts and other objects by means of the electro- magnetic waves which they reflect. One more military term might be added: stem fgun as the name for the name for a light weight machine gun derived from the initials of the inventors surnames. Shepherd and Turpin+ - en for England. Words belonging to this group are often isolated from the prototypes.
2. The opposite subgroup consists of initial abbreviations with the alphabetic reading retained. They also retain correlation with prototypes. The examples are well- known: B.B.C. [ ‘bi:bi’si: ] – the British Broadcasting Corporation; G.I [ ‘djii’aij ] for Government Issue, a widely spread metonymical name for American soldiers on the items whose uniforms these letters are stamped. The last abbreviation war originally an Americanism but has been firmly
Established in British English as well M.P. [ ‘em’pi: ] is mostly used as an Initial abbreviation for Member of Parliament also military police, whereas P.M. stands for Prime Minister. These abbreviations are freely used in colloquial speech as seen from the following extract, in which C.P Snow describes the House of Commons gossip.
Other examples of initial abbreviations with the alphabetical reading retained are: S.O.S [ ‘es’ou’es ] – Save Our Souls, a wireless code – signal of extreme distress, also figuratively, any despairing cry for help; TV’. OR TV [‘ti:’vi: ] – television; Y.C.L [ ‘wai’si:’ei ] – the Young Communist League.
The names of English letters seem to favor this type abbreviation.