Contents: introduction chapter

The role of the teacher in speech activity
Contents:
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER
I. TEACHER'S SPEECH ETIQUETTE
1. 1. Teacher's speech and its social significance.
1. 2. Eastern thinkers about the teacher's speech and its formation.
CHAPTER
II. TEACHER'S SPEECH TECHNIQUE
2. 1. Pedagogical and psychological foundations of the teacher's speech
2. 2. Use of voice and speech technique
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS LIST OF REFERENCES


CHAPTER I. TEACHER'S SPEECH ETIQUETTE
1. 1. Teacher's speech and its social significance. Speech performs very important tasks in the activity of a teacher. In the course of his work, the teacher, in particular, imparts knowledge, skills and abilities to students, educates them, and contributes to their overall development. Under the influence of the teacher's words, certain mental processes and mental states occur in children, personal qualities are formed. Therefore, the scope of the teacher's pedagogical skill includes the level of mastery of the art of public speaking, speaking skills, and eloquence. The organ that produces speech is the language. Language performs many tasks, such as knowing the world, acquiring and preserving knowledge, passing it on to the next generations, reflecting spiritual relationships, and conveying beauty to the reader. However, in scientific sources and textbooks, the essence and function of language is interpreted very little, that is, as a social phenomenon that is the most important means of communication. The speech, especially the speech of the teacher, is formed based on the perception of the language in different ways. In particular, only a person who can develop written and oral speech can think freely and independently. A speech, especially a teacher's speech, is an important sign of the cultural and educational development of society and the spiritual maturity of a person. The Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the State Language", "On Education", "National Program for Personnel Training" and other documents also deal with the issues of formation and improvement of speech culture skills in the young generation at all levels of the education system. attention is given. Our first president, I.A. Karimov, in his speech at the 9th session of the Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan, said: today it is difficult to understand and to justify." In particular, the teacher's speech culture is the level of our mastery of the inexhaustible language wealth. There are several qualities such as correctness, purity, accuracy, logic, expressiveness, color - variety that ensure the culture of the teacher's speech. The teacher teaches students these qualities and techniques of speech. The purpose of teaching speech to students is to help students master speech, which is one of the most important means of education and personality formation, to familiarize them with the basics of pedagogical communication culture, to master the techniques of using and improving the voice. is to help. As a result of reading this topic, students get acquainted with the basics of speech, the qualities of the teacher's speech, the basics of speech techniques, and the norms of the modern Uzbek literary language and learn to follow them, they acquire the culture of expressive reading. Speech etiquette is a criterion that determines the morality of a person. Ethics as a science emerged in the Middle Ages. A person's manners are seen first of all in his speech. Etiquette is knowing the messages that need to be communicated, with respect for the listener, because not knowing them leads to a violation of accuracy: Knowing paronyms, paying attention to their sound affinities; Dialectalism, used in a narrow environment, is the introduction of words into speech with a good meaning. The teacher's voice should have the following characteristics. - sonority (purity of sound and brightness of timbre);
Some parts of the works are narrated in the lesson. When telling a story, events can be described in detail or with certain abbreviations. Speech technique means the tools used to convey speech to the listener or reader. When the speech is in two forms, its technique can be shown in two ways: 1. Oral speech technique. 2. Techniques of written speech. Oral speech technique refers to exercises that activate speech organs to improve the pronunciation of sounds, syllables, words, and their forms. It is related to the use of voice as a quality of sound, the ability to express clearly, the meaning of speech activity, and knowledge of the meanings of words used in speech. If the speaker knows well the subject of the speech he wants to think about, chooses suitable words for it and assigns tasks to the meanings of the words he chooses, it is inevitable that the speech will be clear. What is the meaning of the quality of speech? Clarity can be determined on the basis of "speech presence", speech-thought relations. Characteristics of working papers. Written speech, like oral speech, is created for the listener. Both the writer and the reader are grateful for its convenience, the fact that it reaches the reader quickly and with all its essence. With this in mind, written speech techniques include: a) any written speech should start from the beginning of the letter, with a capital letter, each sentence should be relatively complete in terms of content, should convey a clear idea; - wide range (sound level from the lowest to the highest); - airiness (having a good hearing when speaking freely); - compactness and mobility; - durability (ability to work for a long time); - adaptability (ability to adapt dynamics, timbre, melody to listening conditions); - stability against interference; - suggestiveness (characteristics of the voice expressing excitement and thereby influencing the behavior of the listener. c) after expressing a certain idea, another idea that is part of the speech must start from the beginning of the letter. Headings of letters (paragraphs) should be logically connected with each other. d) In a written speech consisting of dialogues, each person's speech is written through the skin; e) quoted sentences, extracts, words that are not used in their meaning, combinations are enclosed in quotation marks; f) things considered secondary to the speech, which are not considered to be part of the sentences in it, are separated by skin or parentheses; g) participles, interjections, adverbs, separable parts are separated by appropriate punctuation marks; h) large parts of the speech are shown in chapters from the beginning of the letter. A written speech is also considered for work papers. Their writing also does not deviate from the general requirements of speech.
1. 2. Eastern thinkers about the teacher's speech and its formation. Great thinkers about the teacher's speech and its formation. The skill of public speaking has been raised to the level of art since ancient times. The theoretical foundations of oratory culture were created in ancient Greece and Rome. Before the speech, burning requirements were developed. This was caused by the development of the ashlar system, ashlar democracy. During this period, the development of the state, commerce, and judicial affairs eventually brought oratory to the level of art. At that time, the prestige and attention of statesmen and promotion to high positions also depended on their oratorical skills. The art of oratory is glorified as much as the skill of a general. Only those who mastered the art of oratory and leadership were elected to high positions. In order to become a mature person, mastering the art of public speaking is a must. It is because of this need that the theory of public speaking was created. His theorists such as Cicero, Demosthenes, Quintilian, and Aristotle matured. Cicero's works such as "On Oratory", "Orator", "Brush" have a certain value even now. Another great representative of Roman rhetoric is Marcus Phoebus Quantilian. In his book "On the Knowledge of Orator", he considers knowledge to be the first condition of eloquence. Quantilian says that the knowledge of oratory should be learned from a very young age. It is very important that the speech is understandable to the listener. He said, "You speak in such a way that everyone can understand you." So, the theory of cultural speech and oratory was developed in ancient Greece and Rome. This theory later became the basis for the emergence of science in Europe. Aristotle's "Rhetoric" was created in 335 AD. In it, the speaker sets the following tasks: • Comprehensive preparation of the material; • Determination of the plan of placement of the material; • Mastering the material, correcting speech; • Teaching speech material to the speaker; • Expressing the material in words; • Pronouncing speech, that is, speech process. These requirements are still valid. Today, the communicative approach in the speech system aims to help students to express their opinion and understand the opinion of others, that is, to form their skills and abilities to participate in a certain dialogue. Students should pay special attention to the following situations during training. Understanding and remembering new information on the studied topic, consolidating and assimilating information on the studied language and topics with the help of textbooks, educational materials, additional materials, in the process of mastering a new topic. Regular self-monitoring, dialogue between students, participation in various meetings, listening to and understanding the information of the students in the group, comparing their level of knowledge with his own, drawing appropriate conclusions, etc. If we look at the oratory art of that time from today's point of view, we will see that they are very close to each other. Cicero was the great exponent of court oratory at that time. He achieved great success in court oratory, and made a significant contribution to the theory of oratory.
In the history of Russia, the attention to the art of oratory became much stronger, mainly during the period of Peter 1. XY11 – By the XY11 centuries Russian oratory was revived. There were five trends based on the oratory of this period: 1. Palace oratory existing among nobles in high positions. 2. Religious rhetoric. 3. Public speaking. This mainly refers to the eloquence of the leaders of the popular uprisings. 4. Military rhetoric. 5. Diplomatic rhetoric. The peoples of Central Asia, including the Uzbek people, have paid great attention to the development of the art of public speaking. In our country, oratory has been considered an art form since ancient times. The art of oratory is called the art of preaching in Muslim Shari'i. That is, in shark, speech is called vaz / in Arabic pand means exhortation/, and eloquence is called preacher. / means a preacher, a speaker/. The development of religious and worldly sciences of scientific and artistic creativity, as well as the art of preaching in connection with the promotion of the Koran, developed in Shark, including in Movorounnahr. Our world-famous scientists Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Raikhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Mahmud Koshgari, az-Zamakhshari and others wrote works devoted to the issues of language, grammar, logic, and psychology. In these works, the requirements for the speech, the importance of the word, its appropriate use, and speech etiquette are expressed. The great communist scientist Abu Raikhan Beruni (973-1048) in the introduction of his work "Geodesia" talks about the emergence and expansion of sciences and says that each science comes to mind with the demands of the necessary needs of human life. . According to him, the science of grammar and logic is also a product of this desire. Human speech, depending on the materiality of its structure, can express both truth and lies. This causes many discussions. In the course of these discussions, a person creates a "criterion" that separates the truth from the lie. This is the science of logic. Beruni writes: "If one had given up laziness and read the grammar, aroz, and logic associated with the sentence, the word would have become prose and they were the ones who knew the separation of verse. / Selected work of Beruni. Volume 3, 1982, 64 pages /. So, Beruni shows that there are two types of speech: 1. Prose; 2. verse. These types of speech are formed based on certain rules. Beruni gives great importance to the unity of form and content. The form should serve the content. A speech in its prose and poetic form implies a speaking teacher/ he must express the idea he has put before him. Our great compatriot Abu Nasr Farabi (870-950) writes about the importance of lexicology, grammar and logic in order to speak correctly, draw logical conclusions, and compose a meaningful and beautiful speech: "When we come to the question of how to teach and receive education, how to express and explain thoughts, how to ask and how to answer, I confirm that the first knowledge in this regard is the science of language, which gives substance to bodies - things, and accidental phenomena. The second is the grammar of science: it teaches us how to arrange the names given to objects and the location of substance and accident, the words that represent the speakers that come out of it, and how to structure the speech. The third science is logic: it teaches how to arrange logical sentences according to logical figures in order to draw certain conclusions, with the help of these conclusions we can learn what we do not know, and we can judge what is true and what is false in the language. It can be seen that, in the opinion of these two great scientists, speech plays a major role in the work of a teacher. Abu Abdullah al-Khorazmi, a contemporary of Beruni, died in 907. In his work "Mafotikhul Ulum" "Keys of Science" he gives information about some issues of the culture of that time - work papers, their forms, used terms. These thoughts show that in the 10th century, devotional speech was highly developed in our country, and its theory was worked out. Kobusnoma, one of the great works of ancient shark pedagogy, also contains instructive words about speech etiquette and culture. "Nightmare" was created by Kaikovus in 1082-1083, and has 44 chapters.
• Secondly, the speech should be beautiful. "Let your speech be beautiful." "A word has two sides: one is beautiful, the other is ugly. May your speech in front of the people be beautiful, may the people accept this word. / "Nightmare"., Tashkent., "Teacher" ed., 1986, 40 pages/ (Further examples are also taken from this publication). Thirdly, the question of finding the right way to express each idea to the heart of the listener, paying attention to the form, "That is, if he says one word with one phrase, the day of the person who hears it will be disturbed, this word if he says it with another phrase, the one who hears it will enjoy his day. • Fourthly, every word should be correct and justified. • Fifthly, every speech is effective only if it has a certain scientific basis. That is, the speech emphasizes the need to study the subject well. "Don't talk about knowledge you don't know..." "If you claim to know knowledge you don't know - enlightenment, nothing will come of it, you will work in vain," he says. • Sixth, "Early marriage is a kind of blessing." That is, without preparation, the speech will be empty." Seventhly, praising humility, he says: "No matter how wise you are, know yourself to be ignorant, so that the door to learning will be open to you." • Eighthly, it conveys the need to act according to the character of the listener. "Speak with officials like officials, with ordinary people like ordinary people, do not go beyond the limits of wisdom, do not let the one who hears your words seem burdensome / otherwise they will not hear your words even with documents and evidence. Eighthly, he says that speech should be concise and precise: "Know a lot and say little... Speak in such a way that this word does not go to waste." • First, "Do not go beyond hearing words, one becomes eloquent by hearing words." "Behave like people among people, treat people like people," he says. Kaikovus says that the purpose of mastering speech is to find a way into the language of the people. Alisher Navoi, the patron of the classic Uzbek literary language, showed the riches of the Uzbek language with his great creativity as a standard bearer of beautiful speech in the Turkish language. Alisher Navoi's works "Makhbub - ul - kulub", "Mukhokama - tul - lugatayn", "Nazmul Jawakhir" are beautiful examples of speech in Uzbek, and contributed a lot to its rise. In his work "Makhbub - ul - Kulub", Navoi says the importance of language, its use, the correct reflection of the thought in the language of the speaker: "Saodatbakh Ruh zuloli matlaa' is also a language; A gift for language - Hakimi Hirodmand, a gift for words - Laili Najand..." Content: Language is the source of peace of the happy soul, language is also the cause of the beginning of misfortunes. He who has power over his tongue is the king of his mind; a person who does not care about words is a cursed, low person. It is even better if the language is beautiful and warms the heart and reflects the heart of the speaker. In this, Navoi means speech by language. And we mean the speech of a teacher, educator. Alisher Navoi calls the 24th chapter of his philosophical work "Mahbubul-Kulub" "The spirit of exhortation and preaching" and expresses his attitude to the art of preaching. A. Navoi shines conciseness and clarity in his speech. From this point of view, 60 tanbekhi in "Makhbubul - Kulub" is important. "A true word is authoritative, a good word is concise. A talker who talks a lot, a shy person who always complains. That is, a true word is careful, a good word is short. People who talk a lot are boring, and those who talk too much are crazy. He considers those who touch people's gash with incessant speech to be mentally ill and unhealthy people.
Thinkers of the 12th-13th centuries, Yusuf Khos Khajib and Akhmad Yugnakiy, also expressed valuable opinions on issues such as the frame of the word, its use, loading a lot of meaning with few words, and clear thinking. Yusuf Khos Khajib's work "|Kutadgu Bilig" "Happiness is the knowledge that leads to happiness" is focused on glorifying a person. According to the author, the greatness of a person is in his intellect, knowledge, education, skills and ability to speak. He calls the speakers to understand the importance of the language, without hesitation, to understand the meanings of the words and to finish the speech fluently. "Know your words, know your dates," he says. The purpose of speaking is to accurately and effectively convey what the speaker intends to the listener. In this case, achieving the fluency, correctness and logic of the speech is of great importance, especially for the teacher. So, from the above, it can be concluded that Shark's thinkers set the following requirements for the speaker: Learning the language, mastering its lexicon and grammar; 1. Learning to speak logically; 2. paying equal attention to the internal /content/ and external /form of the speech; 3. Knowing how to make a beautiful and impressive speech; 4. Purposeful and effective use of language resources and others.
CHAPTER II. TEACHER'S SPEECH TECHNIQUE
2. 1. Pedagogical and psychological foundations of the teacher's speech Speaking about the role of speech in human life, especially in the work of a teacher, the teacher's level of knowledge, worldview, and culture are the tools that determine the speech in raising the young generation to become well-rounded people in the spirit of the ideals of independence and national independence ideology. In all the educational and social activities of the teacher, his speech plays an important role. The teacher primarily teaches students using words. "A student is not a vessel to be filled, but a torch to be lit," said the ancient Greeks. It is the sacred duty of the teacher to light the torch of goodness, kindness and love in the child's heart. The teacher's speech is a powerful tool in educating students in the spirit of independence, national independence ideology, patriotism, dedication, respect for our people, history, cultural heritage, talents, awareness, faith, belief, and humanity. "It should be noted separately that since thinking is formed through the medium of words, with the help of the teacher's speech, the student learns new scientific information and knowledge, becomes spiritually enriched, morals - manners, culture achieves its goals. The process of education is a rich, emotional process. If the information we give to the students does not evoke any feelings in them, the students will not be able to remember it well. It should be about the students' mental states, that is, their experiences at a certain time. Their joyful, optimistic mood makes educational activities very effective. Pupils learn the material in an emotional spirit, full of excitement. In this case, the teacher's effective speech, speech, speech culture in general is a powerful tool. The teacher should take care of the emotional side of the learning process. The content of education has become more complex, and its size has finally increased. In order to achieve its successful mastering, it is necessary to strengthen the students' learning activities. Positive emotions have a strong influence on the effectiveness of the educational cocktail. It is necessary to instill a positive attitude in schoolchildren to the educational cocktail, and help the cocktail to become a real creation and a source of joy. The teacher communicates more with his students in the classroom, during the lesson, and outside the classroom. His speech acquires a scientific-pedagogical content. Rules, terms, and conclusions related to various fields of science are reflected in such a speech. His uniqueness is characterized by the fact that he is an educator." Pedagogical and psychological foundations of the teacher's speech. Every teacher should know the types of speech activity, speech apparatus, functions of speech, methodological types of speech, qualities of teacher's speech, basics of speech technique, specific features of pedagogical speech communication and others. At the same time, the teacher should have a deep knowledge of the specific features of speech, oratorical skills, and the pedagogical-psychological foundations of speech culture. Speech is the most important tool of education. The teacher relies on the foundations and laws of the sciences of pedagogy and psychology to impart the knowledge of public speaking to the students. The skill of public speaking requires the teacher to know pedagogy and its basic laws and principles, and to be able to apply them correctly in class and extracurricular activities, in the speech process. Pedagogical bases of the teacher's speech:
It is known that the science of pedagogy is the science of the essence and laws of the development, education and formation of the human personality in the process of specially organized education. Therefore, education - training, information, development, formation are the main concepts of pedagogy. Nowadays, the role of pedagogy in educating a well-rounded young generation in the conditions of independent education is increasing. The science of pedagogy needs to do a lot to educate and train the people of our independent republic, to make them perfect human beings, and to introduce new pedagogical technology. When we say the pedagogical foundations of the teacher's speech, we mean directly following the laws of teaching and upbringing. The didactic department of pedagogy studies the general laws of the educational process. It is considered a theory of education. Including, the methodology of teaching some subjects is also based on it. At the same time, general didactics takes material from private methods, revealing the laws and rules of the educational process. The task of the teacher is not to "impose" ready-made knowledge in the student's mind, but to teach them to think and reason about the issues mentioned in the lesson and speech. Teaching is a two-way process. Because two people participate in it - the teacher and the listener / student. Speech is a creative, logical thinking education that the teacher gives students knowledge, skills and abilities, and is able to discover new realities in them. Listening to the teacher's speech is the process of assimilation and acceptance of the knowledge and skills given by the teacher, the process of finding content in their own cognitive abilities, thinking operations and actions. The main rules of the theory of knowledge lie in the process of teaching and learning. Based on this theory, man knows the world. The ways of knowing are the progression from live observation to abstract thinking and from there to practice. Knowing consists of emotional and intellectual knowledge. In this cognitive process of a person, his speech plays a big role. The speech will definitely be oral and written. Due to this, the speech of the teacher is structured based on the presentation of subjects and events on a realistic basis, and it will appeal to the students only if they develop new tasks with the intention of developing them. By doing so, the teacher pays attention to the formation of ideas and concepts in students, their mastery, shows the application of knowledge to life, and forms a worldview. Psychological foundations of the teacher's speech: As each teacher prepares for teaching, he also studies the science of psychology in connection with pedagogy. Because without a good knowledge of the science of psychology, one cannot master the skill of oratory, the culture of speech. Along with knowing the psychology of the students, the teacher's speech should be structured correctly from the psychological point of view. Each lesson, each activity should meet the requirements from the psychological point of view. Because every teacher should not only convince students with his speech, but also excite them, awaken their feelings, and have an emotional impact. The teacher not only affects the audience, but also closely connects with the audience. In turn, the student influences the teacher during the training. "A teacher can fulfill the educational and educational task only if his speech and oratory skills follow some psychological laws"
Including, during the teacher's lesson, lecture, conversation or story, the pace of the speech should match the level of thinking and abilities of the students. This is an important psychological law. The level of thinking of children changes depending on their age. This situation should also be taken into account. In order for the teacher to properly organize his speech in the lesson from the psychological point of view, the mental characteristics of the student's life include perception and perception, imagination, thinking, memory, emotion, will and others. For example, if we take perception as one of the mental characteristics, during the speech process, the student should achieve voluntary perception of the speech. Sometimes, even if the student is staring at the teacher while he is speaking, he may not be able to understand it. The reason for this is that the student's attention is distracted by the objects that affect his sense organs and his imagination wanders. At this time, the teacher is not aware of the student's mental state. In such a case, it is necessary to change the tone of life messages, addresses, speech. In the process of the teacher's speech, the student's imagination is of great importance. Accordingly, the student's imagination, creative imagination, voluntary and involuntary imaginations are divided. Not only does the teacher's speech develop the imagination during the lessons and outside of the lessons, various visual aids, methods and tools used during the lesson also help to develop the student's imagination. Basically, the teacher's speech organizes and controls students' thoughts, thinking, analysis, synthesis, drawing conclusions, comparisons and other processes. Among the psychological foundations of education, the most important aspect of the human mental process is memory. The teacher mainly focuses his speech on the development of children's memory. Memory is a mental activity that consists of consolidating, storing and later restoring and recalling what is reflected in our mind. Everyone keeps in memory what he has learned and heard by verbally and verbally speaking. That's why every teacher should increase the emotionality of his speech. As a result, in the process of the teacher's speech, the students develop mental characteristics such as perception, acceptance, imagination, thinking, feeling, memory and will. So, the skill of public speaking requires the student to have a good knowledge of the sciences of logic, pedagogy, psychology, ethics, aesthetics and their laws. Peculiarities of the teacher's speech. The teacher's speech is the basis of education. That is why the honorable task of bringing up fully-rounded, healthy, spiritually mature citizens of independent Uzbekistan has been assigned. In raising a mature and healthy generation in all respects, the teacher's knowledge, worldview, consciousness, and culture are the tools that determine the speech. A teacher does most of his work through speech. Any lesson and educational process in the teacher's activity is carried out through his speech. His speech acquires scientific and pedagogical content. For this reason, the teacher's speech should be highly cultured, fluent, soft, and heart-warming from the scientific and artistic point of view. Each speech should be structured taking into account the age characteristics, knowledge and understanding of children. The teacher's speech consists of an encouraging speech addressed or directed to the students. In this case, the teacher takes into account the extent to which the student accepts what the teacher is saying. The teacher can tell a story in his speech, conduct a conversation and use the school lecture. While the teacher is speaking, he pays attention to the changes that are happening in the classroom, in the eyes of the children. For this reason, communication during the course of the lesson, which is carried out for educational purposes, can be considered as an educational speech activity.


REFERENCES
1. National program of personnel training. Tashkent, 1997.
2. Karimov I.A. Independence and spirituality. Tashkent, "Uzbekistan", 1994.
3. Karimov I.A. Perfect generation is the foundation of development of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 1997.
4. Karimov I.A. The main principles of political, social and economic prospects of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 1993.
5. Karimov I.A. Let the ideology of our society serve to make the nation a nation and the nation a nation. Tashkent, "Uzbekistan", 1998.
6. The idea of national independence: basic concepts and principles. Tashkent, 2000.
7. Karimov I.A. The dream of a perfect generation. Tashkent, "Uzbekistan", 1999.
8. Abdullah Avloni. Turkish culture or morals. Tashkent, "Teacher", 1967.
9. Alisher Navoi. "Makhbub - ul - kulub", Tashkent, 1997.
10. Azizkhujaeva N.N. Pedagogical technology and pedagogical skills. Tashkent, 2003.