Cours project by discipline «basic technological processes and devices» content

7. Environmental protection.
In order to properly organize labor protection in production, the prevention of possible injuries and occupational diseases in the enterprise plays an important role. Proper organization of this service is based on labor laws and regulatory documents and instructions related to labor protection. The main tasks of the labor protection management system in the enterprises: Training of workers on labor safety and promotion of labor protection to do; Ensuring the safety of production equipment; Ensuring the safety of production processes; Standardization of sanitary and hygienic working conditions; - provision of personal protective equipment. "Electric" equipment, harmful and explosive substances pose a threat to communication and moving equipment under pressure at the ammonium nitrate production enterprise. As a result of violation of the technological regime or equipment failure, not only mechanical breakdowns, but also work Explosions can occur, causing the release of a large mass of harmful substances into the i zone. Such substances include: - Ammonia NN₃, ammonia water, nitric acid permissible concentration in working premises 30 mg/m3 HNO₃- (REK – 20 mg/m3), mixture of ammonia with air. The dangerous and harmful production is as follows. - in the event of an accident, the release of large amounts of ammonia NN₃, HNO₃ into the working premises and the effect on the body of employees - 6000 VT,300VT, 220VT voltage, 50Hz frequency used to start device motors - use of steam with high parameters: pressure - 35 kg/cm2, temperature - 3500С - moving parts of a large number of mechanisms. - Formation of explosive ammonia-air mixtures, self-igniting oils, rags and papers, vapors and solutions, thermal effects of ammonia on the skin. Work to avoid the risk of injury Special training and production safety instructions are required to prevent damage, provide everyone with personal protective equipment for body protection, and there are also risks of fire and explosion in production buildings. In the event of a fire, it is automatically extinguished. The combustible material is electric cables. Based on SN and PP - 90 - 81, these buildings belong to category "V". In general, ammonium nitrate is produced according to the main section of the fire protection classification of the output buildings and the classification of external devices based on explosion and burning electrical devices and sanitary characteristics, it belongs to category B. According to the classification of technical conditions, the central control panel belonging to class V-1b belongs to operator's rooms, category O. Taking into account the nature of the climatic process and conditions, most of the devices are placed outside the building in the open space, on shelves. This is also economically advantageousy reduces the risk of explosion of raw gas air mixtures. It is planned to control the process steps automatically and from the MBA. This eliminates workers standing in front of the unit for a long time. All buildings and warehouses are provided with the necessary number of evacuation exits and pilompoyas. It is planned to make the foundations of the buildings from single reinforced concrete columns. The following actions have been taken to ensure the safety of employees working at the enterprise.
- The main stages of the technological process automated.
- All devices and communications in the enterprise work hermetically.
- acid-resistant cords are placed in areas where ammonia may have leaked.
- flanges of gas pipelines are covered with a special layer.
- The enterprise is provided with artificial ventilation.
- The concentration of ammonia in the closed rooms of the devices is automatically controlled. The distance between the technological devices on the floors and the floors in the open space is 0.00 m, 7 m, 12 m. Ammonium nitrateThe main risk in the production workshop is as follows
- The release of NH₃ and HNO₃ in the working room has a negative effect on the human body.
- Cracking of communication and absorption devices under high pressure. - Operating voltage of electrical devices 600v, 380v, 220v, frequency 50Hz - Evaporation under high pressure. - Distribution of dangerous explosive mixtures. - Thermal effects of steam and hot products on the human body.