Cоursе pаpеr “Stylistic use of foreign words and archaism” Writtеn by thе studеnt оf thе 408

Literary stylistics - The birth of contemporary literary stylistics is usually traced back to the 1958 Indiana Style Conference, where Roman Jakobson concluded his intervention with a statement that was to become the unofficial manifesto of future stylisticians: a linguist deaf to the poetic function of language and a literary scholar indifferent to linguistic problems and unconversant with linguistic methods are equally flagrant anachronisms. Literary stylistics rests on the assumption that the theories and methods developed within linguistics can be appropriately and fruitfully applied to the study of literature. Stylisticians maintain that detailed attention to the language of texts can explain how effects are achieved and interpretations constructed, as well as provide further insights into the meanings of literary works.
Although early claims to the objectivity and neutrality of linguistic description have largely been abandoned, stylisticians attribute the strength of their approach to the explicitness, systematicity and verifiability of their analytical procedures. Stylistic analysis is therefore presented as a necessary complement to what many stylisticians regard as the impressionistic and implicit nature of much work within literary criticism. The scope of literary stylistics ranges from the analysis of the language of individual texts, authors and genres to the study of textual phenomena such as metaphor, speech presentation and point of view. Stylisticians are also concerned with issues such as the relationship between literary and non-literary language and the role of linguistic analysis in the teaching of language and literature. Literary stylistics has its roots in a tradition started on the continent of Europe by Leo Spitzer and the French stylisticians, and in the practice of close textual analysis advocated between the 1930s and the 1950s by Practical Criticism in Britain and
New Criticism in the United States. The growth of stylistics since the 1960s can be characterized as a move from largely formalist approaches to a greater awareness of the relationship between the language of texts and the pragmatic, social, ideological and cognitive dimensions of literary production and reception. Such development has been spurred by theoretical and methodological advances within linguistics, and especially by the impact of generative grammar, pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, systemic functional grammar, critical linguistics and cognitive linguistics. It is with reference to such multiple influences that one can appreciate the richness and variety of current work in literary stylistics [10,445].
Perhaps the most infuential contribution of linguistic theory to literary stylistics since the 1970s has been Michael Halliday’s systemic functional model of language. The relevance of this approach to the analysis of literary texts was established by a landmark paper by Halliday himself on William Golding’s The inheritors. Halliday shows how the ideational function and particularly the system of transitivity are foregrounded in the novel, and are used to contrast the world-view of the protagonist Lok and his Neanderthal tribe with that of the homo sapiens people who eventually prevail in the story. Halliday points out that the representation of Lok’s point of view is characterized by a high frequency of intransitive constructions with inanimate subjects, which tend to occur in preference to transitive structures with human subjects.