Criminal Psychology : a Beginner's Guide

Achieving Best Evidence (ABE 2002, update of MOGP) 63 empirical evidence 26-29 and false confessions 56-58 forensic linguistics 104-105 identification evidence linguistics 105-107
meaning and use evidence
107-108
MOGP (1992) 61-63 technical acoustic evidence 106 voice identification evidence 96-100
evidence-based practice
rehabilitation of offenders
154-157
research 156-157
experimental role of cr. ps. 3
expert witnesses 10-11, 87-88 eyewitness testimony 60-67, 87-101 aspects of crime 92-95 aspects of investigation 95-96 aspects of witnesses 90-92 elderly witnesses 91
hypnosis 96
research 7-9, 89-92 see also interviewing witnesses
F
FBI, offender profiling 24 forensic linguistics 102-115 communication between judge and jury 110-111
courtroom language 108-111 reasonable doubt, California Judicial Code Instructions 111
evidence-giving 104-105
identification evidence 105-107 John DeLorean trial 105, 107-108 legal language reform 111-114 meaning and use evidence 107-108 rape trials 109-110
formant frequency 107
fraud, technical acoustic evidence 106 free recall, interviewing witnesses 61-62
G
geographical profiling 19-22 ground truth 81
Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) 81, 83
H
habeas corpus 112
‘hostile masculinity' 175
hypnosis, and eyewitness testimony 96
I
identification evidence, forensic linguistics 105-107 identity parades
types of error 95-96 types of line-up 95 weapon focus 94-95
imprisonment see prison/
imprisonment
inappropriate questions and bias 63-64 Ingram, Charles, technical acoustic evidence 106
Innocence project (USA) 54 intelligence analysis 5-6
Internet crime 38
interviewing suspects 7-9, 53-67 audiotape recording 56
case study 8
confessions by suspects 53-60 empathy/compassion 60
eyewitnesses 7-9, 60-67 national training initiative 58 persuasive/manipulative tactics
56-57
questioning in court 65-67 role of police 58
tape recording analysis 59-60 two-stage 55
interviewing witnesses 60-65 children 60-62, 65-66 closure 63
cognitive interview (CI) 64-65 free recall 61-62
inappropriate questions and bias 63-64
leading questions 62
learning disabled adults 66 open questions 62
questioning in court 65-67 videotaping (children) 60-61 vocabulary 65-66
see also eyewitnesses intruders 124
Islamic punishments 127
J
Jack the Ripper, case linkage 31 judge and jury, communication
110-111
justice
miscarriages 120-121
restorative 128-129
K
Kaczynski, Ted 105-106
L
language see forensic linguistics leading questions 62
learning disabled adults, interviewing 66
legal language
European influences 112
reform, forensic linguistics 111-114 lie detection 78-84
lie detection see detecting deception; polygraphs
life imprisonment 146-148 linguistics see forensic linguistics linking crimes 5-6, 30-35
lying 53-55
by police 57
M
MAPPAs see Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements
Martin, Tony 122, 124
Megan's Law 170-172 mens rea 112
Miranda rights 103
miscarriages of justice 120-121 MOGP (1992) 61-63
update (2002) 63
moral reasoning 165
Multi-Agency Public Protection
Arrangements (MAPPAs)
185-186
N
need principle, rehabilitation of offenders 159-161
Neighbourhood Watch schemes 49
O
offender profiling 6-7, 17-29, 157-158
clinical profiling 23
consumer satisfaction surveys 29 evaluations in practice 28-29 FBI 24
geographical profiling 19-22 marauders vs commuters 21 personal characteristics 22-24 statistical profiling 23 theoretical assumptions 24-29 cross-situational consistency 25, 26
empirical evidence 26-29 homology assumption 27-28 offender consistency hypothesis 25, 27
offenders
assessment 157-158