Culture of England 9 languages

Main article: Media in the United Kingdom
England shares a rich television and broadcasting heritage with the rest of the United Kingdom. Although cinema, theatre, dance and live music are popular, the favourite pastime is watching television.^[397] The television channels include BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5 as well as other television channels specialising in entertainment, drama, culture, arts, crafts, science, travel, nature, sports and comedy.^[398] Television networks include UKTV channels such as Yesterday, Eden and Dave owned by BBC Studios.^[399] The broadcaster Sky has several flagship channels, including Sky Arts, Sky Atlantic, Sky Cinema, and Sky Nature.^[400]
The BBC is a publicly funded broadcaster that has been in service since 1922, paid by taxation. Its mission is to inform, educate, and entertain.^[401] Channel 4 is similarly chartered to the BBC, with a remit to provide public service broadcasting and schools programs, however it runs commercial advertisements to provide a revenue stream. It produces a number of digital channels, branded as Channel 4, as well as More4 and Film4.^[402] The Royal Television Society is an educational charity for the discussion, and analysis of television in all its forms, past, present, and future. It is the oldest television society in the world.^[403]
Radio in the United Kingdom is dominated by the BBC, which operates radio stations both in the United Kingdom and abroad. The BBC World Service radio network is broadcast in 33 languages globally. Other radio broadcasters are Heart Radio, Classic FM, and Smooth Radio. The most popular radio station by number of listeners is BBC Radio 2, closely followed by BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 1. In the summer season, BBC radios organize a number of musical concerts featuring national and international music artists in famous open parks and gardens.
BBC News, BBC Parliament, ITV News, Channel 4 News, and Sky News are the country's most dominant news broadcasters. Radio, television, and broadcasting are regulated by Ofcom.^[404] Newspapers produced in England include Financial Times, The Guardian and The Times.^[405] The Economist is also a widely read magazine covering current affairs, international business, politics, science and technology.
A large range of magazines are sold in the United Kingdom covering most interests and potential topics. English magazines and journals that have achieved worldwide circulation include Nature, New Scientist, The Spectator, Prospect, NME, and the Radio Times. Apollo is a widely read fine arts magazine covering the arts of all periods from antiquity to the present. The National Trust and English Heritage have their own monthly membership magazines devoted to photography, heritage, nature, wildlife, landscapes, and arts. Other popular magazines include BBC Gardeners' World, BBC History Magazine, BBC Science Focus, BBC Sky at Night, BBC Music, BBC Good Food, Country Life, The World of Interiors, and Classic & Sports Car.
National symbols[edit]
Main article: National symbols of England

Tudor rose

Royal Arms of England
The English use as their national flag the red cross of St George. St George's Day is marked as the day of the patron saint, and is also celebrated as the day of the birth and death of William Shakespeare.
In 1198, King Richard the Lionheart introduced the coat of arms of England, depicting three lions.^[406] The three lions form the basis of several emblems of English national sports teams, such as the England national football team,^[407] and the English national cricket team (though in blue rather than gold).
The English oak and the Tudor rose are also English symbols; a modernised version of the rose is used by the England national rugby union team.
The Barbary lion is a national animal of England. In the Middle Ages, the lions kept in the menagerie at the Tower of London were Barbary lions.^[408] English medieval warrior rulers with a reputation for bravery attracted the nickname "the Lion": the most famous example is Richard I of England, known as Richard the Lionheart. Lions are frequently depicted in English heraldry, either as a device on shields themselves, or as supporters. They also appear in sculpture, and sites of national importance. The lion is used as a symbol of English sporting teams, such as the England national cricket team.
The oak is the national tree of England,^[409] representing strength and endurance. The Royal Oak and Oak Apple Day commemorate the escape of King Charles II from the grasps of the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) after the Battle of Worcester in 1651 (the last battle of the English Civil War); he hid in an oak tree to avoid detection before making it safely into exile. The Major Oak is an 800–1000 year old oak in Sherwood Forest, fabled as the principal hideout of Robin Hood.^[410]
The rose is England's national flower. Usually red,^[409] it is used, for instance, in the emblems of the English Golf Union and England national rugby union team. The Tudor rose, which takes its name from the Tudor dynasty, was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses as a symbol of peace.^[411] It is a syncretic symbol in that it merged the white rose of the Yorkists and the red rose of the Lancastrians – cadet branches of the Plantagenets – who went to war over control of the royal house. It is also known as the Rose of England.^[412]
England has no official anthem; however, the United Kingdom's "God Save the King" is commonly used. Other songs are sometimes used, including "Land of Hope and Glory" (used as England's anthem in the Commonwealth Games), "Jerusalem" (sung at international cricket matches), "Rule Britannia", and "I Vow to Thee, My Country". Certain groups are advocating the adoption of an official English anthem following similar adoptions in Scotland and Wales.^[413]
See also[edit]

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  England portal
  
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  Society portal
  

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  List of museums in England
  
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  Anglophile
  
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  English understatement
  
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  Goth subculture